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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 72 (1998), S. 243-249 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: functional organization ; nucleus ; targeting sequence ; DNA replication ; nuclear matrix ; cell cycle ; DNA methyltransferase ; DNA ligase I ; PCNA ; DNA replication factors ; GFP ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Mammalian nuclei are highly organized into functional compartments. Major nuclear processes like DNA replication and RNA processing take place in distinct foci. These microscopically visible foci are formed by the assembly of, for example, DNA replication factors and associated proteins into megadalton complexes often referred to as protein machines or factories. Thus far, two proteins, DNA ligase I and DNA methyltransferase (DNA MTase), have been analyzed in greater detail. In both cases, the assembly process appears to be controlled by distinct targeting sequences that were attached to the catalytic protein core in the course of evolution and mediate the association with replication factories in mammalian cells. The dynamics of these nuclear structures throughout the cell cycle are analyzed using green fluorescent protein (GFP). Further studies are needed to elucidate the architecture, regulation, and role of these subnuclear structures. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 30/31:243-249, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 70 (1998), S. 222-230 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: functional organization of the nucleus ; nucleolus ; speckled compartment ; targeting sequence ; DNA replication ; RNA splicing ; nuclear matrix ; cell cycle ; DNA methyltransferase ; DNA ligase I ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Though there are no separating membranes within the nucleus, different factors are often concentrated at sites where their respective function is required, a phenomenum referred to as functional organization of the nucleus. How is then this organization achieved and how are the different metabolic processes integrated in the nucleus? One emerging principle was revealed by the identification of protein domains that, though not involved in catalysis, regulate enzyme activity at a higher order level by targeting enzymes to the right place at the right time. These targeting sequences constitute an assembly code for nuclear ‘protein factories,’ which ensure the extremely high efficiency and accuracy needed in a complex and competitive environment as the living mammalian cell. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:222- 230, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 155 (1978), S. 173-179 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The structure of the longitudinal zebra stripes on the thorax of adult Zaprionus vittiger has been investigated by light-, polarization-, transmission electron-, and scanning electron microscopy. Each stripe consists of a central white stripe of about 50 μm width and two lateral dark brown stripes about 30 μm wide. Three different types of trichomes occur: Very long bent trichomes of the grooved-type, long bent trichomes of the crested-type, and short straight trichomes. The central white stripe contains neither bristle organs nor short straight trichomes but carries many long bent trichomes most of which are of the grooved type, contain two cavities and polarize the light in the polarization microscope. The dark brown stripes carry bristle organs and many trichomes of the short and straight-type. Bent trichomes of the crested-type are found on the whole zebra stripe at about equal frequencies; they contain no cavities and do not polarize the light. The cuticle of the dark stripes is underlain by pigment cells. It is suggested that the pigment granules in the epidermal cells cause the dark color of the dark brown stripes, whereas the form and structure of the bent grooved type trichomes cause the white color of the central stripe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Primary olfactory and central projections of the nervus terminalis were investigated by injections of horseradish peroxidase into the olfactory epithelium in the African lungfish. In addition, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) immunoreactivity of the nervus terminalis system was investigated. The primary olfactory projections are restricted to the olfactory bulb located at the rostral pole of the telencephalon; they do not extend into caudal parts of the telencephalon. A vomeronasal nerve and an accessory olfactory bulb could not be identified. The nervus terminalis courses through the dorsomedial telencephalon. Major targets include the nucleus of the anterior commissure and the nucleus praeopticus pars superior. Some fibers cross to the contralateral side. A few fibers reach the diencephalon and mesencephalon. No label is present in the “posterior root of the nervus terminalis” (=“Pinkus's nerve” or “nervus praeopticus”). GnRH immunoreactivity is lacking in the “anterior root of the nervus terminalis”, whereas it is abundant in nervus praeopticus (Pinkus's nerve). These findings may suggest that the nervus terminalis system originally consisted of two distinct cranial nerves, which have fused-in evolution-in most vertebrates. Theories of cranial nerve phylogeny are discussed in the light of the assumed “binerval origin” of the nervus terminalis system.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 83 (1974), S. 19-25 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Intranuclear Na, K and Mg concentrations were determined in cells of salivary glands incubated for 1h in selected NaCl/KCl/MgCl2 media. By variation of the external milieu beyond “physiological” limits the intranuclear electrolytes can be shifted between ca 100 and 280 mM [K]i, between ca 8 and 100 mM [Na]i and between ca 5 and 75 mM [Mg]i. No significant competition or interactions of the 3 ionic species are apparent. The relationships [K]e : [K]i and [Na]e : [Na]i can best be described by a positive and linear, that between [Mg]e : [Mg]i by a negative and exponential function. Regression parameters are given which permit a computation of intranuclear [Na], [K] and [Mg] as induced by NaCl/KCl/MgCl2 in any binary or triple combination that is tolerated by the explanted gland without visible damage.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Philadelphia : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 62 (1963), S. 45-59 
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The bone marrow microenvironment consists of stromal cells and extracellular matrix components which act in concert to regulate the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. There is little understanding of the mechanisms which modulate the regulatory role of stromal cells. This study examined the hypothesis that mesenchymal growth factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) modulate stromal cell activities and thereby influence the course of hematopoiesis. Both bFGF and EGF were potent mitogens for marrow stroma. However, both factors proved to be inhibitory to hematopoiesis in primary log-term marrow cultures. Inhibition was also observed when hematopoietic cells and bFGF or EGF were added to subconfluent irradiated stromal layers, demonstrating that the decline of hematopoiesis was not due to overgrowth of the stromal layer. Loss of hematopoietic support in bFGF and EGF was dose-dependent. Removal of bFGF and EGF permitted stromal layers to regain their normal capacity to support hematopoiesis. In stroma-free long-term cultures, neither factor affected CFU-GM expansion. Basic FGF slightly enhanced granulocyte-macrophage colony forming unit (CFU-GM) cloning efficiency in short-term agarose culture. Basic FGF did not reduce the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), GM-CSF, or G-CSF released by steady state or IL-1-stimulated stroma. Similarly, the constitutive levels of steel factor (SF) mRNA and protein were not affected by bFGF. Basic FGF did not alter the level of TGF-β1 in stromal cultures. We conclude that bFGF and EGF can act as indirect negative modulators of hematopoietic growth in stromal cultures. The actual mediators of regulation, whether bound or soluble, remain to be identified. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 2 (1985), S. 275-276 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 6 (1987), S. 143-153 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Mauthner cell ; Mixed synapses ; Gap junctions ; Inhibitory synapses ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Large myelinated club ending and small-vesicle bouton synapses on the distal part of the lateral dendrite of the goldfish Mauthner cell were investigated with thin section, freeze-fracture, and immunocytochemical electron microscopic methods. Large myelinated club endings form mixed synapses, having both gap junctions and chemical synaptic junctions. The correlation of the number of gap junction particles (connexons) and the data from electrophysiological studies of single large myelinated club ending synapses suggest that only a small fraction of gap junction channels are open at any given time during electrical synaptic transmission. The chemical synaptic junctions at the large myelinated club ending synapse have large, round synaptic vesicles, indicating that they are excitatory. This result is in agreement with electrophysiological data demonstrating the excitatory nature of this chemical synapse. Freeze-fracture of these excitatory chemical synaptic junctions reveals the presence of the intramembrane particle aggregates in the postsynaptic E face.Small-vesicle boutons form chemical synaptic junctions with small, flat or oval synaptic vesicles. These structural data, in combination with previous electrophysiological studies, suggest that the small-vesicle bouton synapses are inhibitory. In support of this theory, the cytoplasmic side of the postsynaptic membrane of some of these synapses show positive immunocytochemical reaction to monoclonal antibodies against the rat glycine receptor. Freeze-fracture data reveal intramembrane particle aggregates in the postsynaptic P face of some small-vesicle bouton synapses which could possibly represent glycine receptor aggregates.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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