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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryonic and larval epiphysectomy in the salamander, Taricha torosa, and observations on scoliosisPortions of this investigation were supported by a research fellowship, BF-7283, from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, Public Health Service. (1958)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 103 (1958), S. 503-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051030305
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Traversing filaments in desmosomal and hemidesmosomal attachments: Freeze-fracture approaches toward their characterization (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 199 (1981), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Desmosomes and hemidesmosomes from larval newt epidermis were examined by freeze-fracture methods incorporating low osmolality fixation, short duration glycerination, complementary replica comparison, stereo imaging, and dark shadow printing. These procedures provide new evidence regarding the structure of “traversing” filaments as mediators of attachment between intermediate filaments and the cell membranes of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. A detailed analysis of intramembranous particles and other structure in these attachments has also been possible. The relationship of this evidence to models of desmosomal structure suggested by other authors is discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091990102
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myofibrillogenesis and Z-band differentiation (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 163 (1969), S. 403-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Developing myotubes in skeletal muscle tissue from the limbs of larval newts have been examined with respect to the ultrastructure and sequence of events accompanying myofibril formation. A population of filaments having a diameter of 100 Å is found to occur throughout and beyond the period of myofibrillogenesis. This population is in addition to developing actin and myosin filaments and probably does not contribute directly to myofibril formation. Rather it may represent a cytoskeletal network which ultimately becomes principally disposed around and at right angles to older myofibrils at the level of their Z-bands.Assembly of thick and thin filaments into myofibrils seems to occur, in this muscle, predominantly near the periphery of the cell with registration of these components into A-, I-, and Z-bands being accomplished as they assume progressively more internal locations. Z-bands appear to develop by coalescence of Z-bodies which in turn are earlier related to skeins of fine filamentous material which commonly occupy the most peripheral cytoplasm of these and other mesenchymally derived cells. Fine structural details of these skeins, Z-bodies, and Z-bands have been analyzed with regard to the several prevailing concepts of Z-band architecture. An hypothetical sequence for myofibril formation and Z-band differentiation is presented which takes into account several observations and relates them to the looping filament configuration previously proposed for mature Z-band structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091630305
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the amphibian pineal organ; cell proliferation and migrationThis investigation was supported by a research grant (GB-6910) from the National Science Foundation. The authors are indebted to Dr. N. B. Everett and Mrs. Ruth Tyler for their critical review of the manuscript, to Mrs. Sandra Kunz and Mrs. Nancy Gross for their able technical assistance and to Mrs. Doris Ringer for secretarial help. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 165 (1969), S. 211-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The development of the pineal organ in the newt Taricha torosa has been studied utilizing cell counts and radioautography following single injections of tritiated thymidine. Embryos injected two weeks before hatching (series I) demonstrated a grain distribution pattern in the pineal organ and its underlying proliferation zone characteristic of continuous availability of isotope. Larvae injected at hatching (series II) or two weeks after hatching (series III) displayed the expected pulse label pattern for these same regions. With the possible exception of some mitosis insituin the youngest organs, pineal cells originate from a mitotically active cell population which comprises the pineal proliferation zone. After cell division some daughter cells migrate into the pineal organ, moving into the posterior part of the organ during the prehatching period, while from hatching onward the predominant migration is into the anterior part of the organ. Both the pineal photoreceptors and supportive cells arise in this manner with labeled cells of both types found in all three series, but in decreasing numbers from the youngest to the oldest series.Cell counts disclose an approximate ten-fold increase in the number of cells within the pineal organ from embryonic to adult stages, but the rate of cell addition slows with increasing age. Both photoreceptors and supportive cells show this increase in number with the photoreceptor population being maintained at a constant 14%-18% of the total pineal population over this entire five-year period.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091650207
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the amphibian pineal organ; Fine structure during maturationThis study was supported by research grant GB 14098 from the National Science Foundation and GM 16598 from the United States Public Health Service. The authors are indebted to Mrs. Sandra Kunz and Mrs. Nancy Gross for their able technical assistance and to Mrs. Doris Ringer for secretarial help. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 129-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pineal organ of the West Coast newt Taricha torosa has been examined electron microscopically one, two and five years after metamorphosis. Although the organ has flattened with concomitant reduction of the lumen, the basic larval organization of the pineal photoreceptors and supportive cells is retained. Photoreceptors demonstrate both basal synaptic regions and outer segments, although the latter are disorganized as compared to the larva. Supportive cells, which increase in volume with age, contain membranous debris suggesting a sequence of phagocytosis of outer segments. Tubular vesticular membrane complexes enclosing 450 Å tubules are found in supportive cell processes adjacent to the basal lamina near blood vessels. Despite these changes the adult pineal organ retains the morphological entities thought to be necessary for photoreceptive function.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700202
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Filamentous and matrix components of skeletal muscle Z-disks (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 623-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structural appearance of Z-disk lattices in vertebrate skeletal “fast” muscle varies depending upon whether osmium or glutaraldehyde has been employed as the primary fixative. Prior investigators have attributed the differences to change in the extent of actin filament overlap within the Z-disk and/or to rearrangement of Z-disk filaments.Adult frog and young newt “fast” muscle has been studied under various degrees of stretch, with several different aldehyde and osmium fixation procedures, and after plastic section digestion techniques utilizing Pronase or pepsin. Serial cross sections of Z-disks were correlated with oriented cross and longitudinal sections. Fixation with collidine-buffered osmium and veronal acetate-buffered glutaraldehyde seems to provide the greatest and most distinctly contrasting differences. A consistently arranged phase, the filamentous lattice, can be discerned after either fixation. However, a second phase, termed “Z-disk matrix,” appears variable, perhaps due to extraction during primary osmium fixation procedures. Glutaraldehyde-fixed frog muscle Z-disks display a copious matrix, one which is seldom totally depleted by osmium fixation. In young newt muscle Z-disks, little matrix is present after glutaraldehyde fixation and none of it remains after primary osmium. In Z-disks fixed by either method, matrix that is retained appears to be deposited in lattice-like patterns. It is suggested that these matrix patterns, or their loss, are the basis for the varying images of Z-disks observed under diferent fixation conditions and that the filamentous lattice is relatively stable. The Z-disk is more rapidly obliterated by Pronase or pepsin digestion than is any other muscle component, including actin (which appears notably unreactive). The rapid digestion effect is limited to the region postulated to include the matrix phase. Models for the structural interrelationship of filamentous and matrix phases are discussed and compared to prior Z-disk models.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720403
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structural study on the origin and development of the sphincter pupillae muscle in the West Coast newt (Taricha torosa) (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 170 (1971), S. 57-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The origin and development of the sphincter pupillae muscle was studied in Taricha torosa by electron microscopy. The larval optic cup with its inner and outer epithelial layers is completely enshrouded by a primary basal lamina. The epithelium can be divided into E and R regions, according to the types of distributed pigment granules, ellipsoidal (E) and round (R). The E region includes the outer layer except the pupillary zone; the R region the inner layer and pupillary zone. The boundary dividing these regions is distinct enough to be called the E-R boundary. Clusters of fine filaments develop in the pigment-containing R cells adjacent to the E-R boundary during metamorphosis. Such R cells subsequently increase their population to form abundle swelling into the anterior ocular chamber. This bundle formation is accompanied by acquisition of a nerve supply from the iridial stroma, and the emergence of collagen fibers as well as secondary basal (or external) laminae surrounding each cell of the bundle. The adult muscle cells retain numerous round pigment granules, desmosomes, and intermediate junction.These facts support the neuroectodermal origin of this sphincter pupillae muscle.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091700105
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The leydig cell in larval amphibian epidermis. Fine structure and function (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 685-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The large, presumably mucus and/or fluid secreting cells of Leydig have been studied in the epidermis of the newt, Taricha torosa, by light and electron microscopy. Mitotic activity in visibly differentiated Leydig cells results in their increasing numbers so that by mid-larval stages they comprise the major cellular component of tailfin skin. Subsequently, the number of these cells diminishes as the epidermis thickens; their final disappearance coincides with metamorphosis and epidermal cornification. During the course of larval life, clear vesicles within Leydig cell cytoplasm accumulate granular material and, in time, assume the morphology of typical mucous aggregates. Concomitantly, the cytoplasm progressively becomes clear in appearance and nearly devoid of organelles.The surface of larval skin is normally provided with a thin mucous coat by continual production on the part of apical epidermal cells. When this surface is exposed to air, observation over a period of time reveals that the outer mucous coat hardens rapidly. There is no indication that additional fluid or mucus is provided to the drying surface from Leydig cells. Rather, light and electron micrographs of epidermis after various degrees of desiccation suggest that Leydig cells do respond to drying, but do so by adding fluid and perhaps mucous material to subsurface, extracellular compartments of the epidermis. The concept that Leydig cells provide an internal fluid reserve is discussed in relation to epidermal development and prevailing physiological and structural evidence bearing on intercellular compartments.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540314
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frog pineal photoreceptor renewal: Preliminary observations (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 171 (1971), S. 99-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The intracranial epiphysis of the adult frog, Rana pipiens, has been examined by electron microscopic cytochemistry and radioautography. Acid phosphatase is localized within vacuoles of macrophages free in the lumen, in subspherical vesicles of the ellipsoid portions of photoreceptive cell inner segments, and in occasional heterogeneous cytoplasmic inclusions of the supportive cells.The distribution of radioactivity in the epiphysis at intervals of 1, 3, 5, 9, 14, 25, and 60 days following injection of tritiated leucine, as determined by quantitative radioautography, is consistent with an hypothesized process of continual renewal of photoreceptive cell outer segments. The pattern of radioautographic labeling of the pineal photoreceptors, which resembles more closely that of retinal cones than rods, is correlated with previous morphologic and electrophysiological studies of these cells.The radioautographic and cytochemical data suggest that macrophages within the epiphyseal lumen are involved in phagocytosis and, ultimately, in digestion of degenerate outer segments. They may perform a function similar to that of pigment epithelial cells of the lateral eye retina.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091710107
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