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The effect of cetirizine and loratadine on codeine-induced histamine release in human skin in vivo assessed by cutaneous microdialysis (1996)

Perzanowska, M. ; Malhotra, D. ; Skinner, S. P. ; [et al.]

Springer

Inflammation research 45 (1996), S. 486-490

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ISSN: 1420-908X

Keywords: Histamine release ; Cetirizine ; Loratidine ; Human skin ; Microdialysis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract Objective and Design To determine whether or not cetirizine and loratadine inhibit codeine- induced histamine release in human skin in vivo, we conducted a placebo-controlled double-blind trial in which histamine release was assessed by dermal microdiaysis. Subjects A group of ten normal volunteers were studied, each subject visiting the laboratory on three occasions with intervals of at least 2 weeks between visits. Treatment Cetirizine, loratadine (both 10 mg) or placebo was given orally 4h before provocation of weal and flare responses in the skin by intradermal injection of 25 μl of 3 or 10 mg/ml codeine 1 mm from the centre of individual 216 μm diameter microdialysis fibres inserted in the dermis. Methods Dialysate was collected at 2 min intervals for 4 min before and 20 min after codeine injection and histamine assayed spectrofluorometrically. Weal and flare responses to codeine were assessed in the opposite arm. Results Histamine concentrations in the microdialysis fibre outflow with 3 and 10 mg/ml codeine were maximal at 2–4 min when 910±156 and 1194±304 nM respectively were found in the placebo group. Cetirizine and loratadine did not modify either the kinetics or total histamine release while significantly (p〈0.01) inhibiting weal and flare responses. Conclusions Neither cetirizine nor loratadine inhibited codeine-induced histamine release or modified the time course of its release in human skin in vivo when given in clinically used doses which are sufficient to significantly reduce weal and flare responses.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02252321

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Physical association of two simple alkylators to some DNA sequences (1980)

Pearlstein, R. A. ; Tripathy, S. K. ; Potenzone, R. ; [et al.]

New York : Wiley-Blackwell

Biopolymers 19 (1980), S. 311-324

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ISSN: 0006-3525

Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Molecular mechanics calculations have been used to determine the preferred physical association sites of the known alkylating agent dimethyl aziridinium ion (Az+) and a CH3+ prototype test probe with B-form, tetrameric DNA sequences. Electrostatic interactions are most important in determining these preferential physical association sites. In turn, the intermolecular energy minima depend on the charge distribution assigned to the DNA sequence. However, for three reported DNA charge distributions, only two distinct sets of energy minima were obtained for the CH3+-like ion interacting with (G-C)4, (A-T)4, and [(G-C)·(A-T)]2 deoxyribonucleic acids. These minima correspond to physical association geometries in which the CH3+-like ion is near known alkylation sites. The results of the Az+ … [(G-C)·(A-T)]2 interaction are virtually identical to those found for the CH3+-like ion. Aqueous solvation energetics have little effect on the physical association of Az+ with [(G-C)·(A-T)]2.

Additional Material: 6 Ill.