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  • Chemical Engineering  (3)
  • Coreidae  (3)
  • levee deposits  (2)
  • nodule beds  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition and variability of the saliva of coreids in relation to phytoxicoses and other aspects of the salivary physiology of phytophagous Heteroptera (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 73 (1994), S. 265-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coreidae ; Hemiptera ; phytotoxicoses ; saliva ; stylet sheath ; sucrase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the saciform, principal salivary glands ofMictis profana (Fabr.) (Coreidae: Heteroptera, Pentatomorpha), the contents of all lobes other than the posterior form gels consistent with their contributing to the solidifying saliva (stylet sheath); the posterior lobe secretes most if not all of a sucrose-hydrolysing enzyme that occurs in the nongelling (watery) saliva. Evidence for the occurrence of such an enzyme in the saliva of other coreids is presented. That inM. profana has a pH optimum near neutral and a substrate specificity consistent with sucrase (sucrose α-D-glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.48) as distinct from plant invertase (β-D-fruccofuranosidase, EC 3.2.1.26). Apart from some maltose-hydrolysing activity in the salivary glands, also consistent with sucrase, no other carbohydrases and neither proteinase nor lipase were detected. Phosphatases were found in gland extracts but not in secreted saliva. The saliva contains catechol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.1) from the accessory gland and ducts. Topical application of pilocarpine caused individualM. profana to secrete up to 58 μl watery saliva which showed continuous and independent variation of sucrase activity (up to ca 0.012 Units/μl) and pH (6–8), although high sucrase content tended to coincide with high pH. Total protein varied up to 10 μg/μl, and free amino acids up to 1.8 μg/μl leucine eq. Of the many proteins and/or protein subunits separable by electrophoresis of gland contents and saliva, four had sucrase activity, the most mobile with MW ca 66 000. TLC indicatedinter alia phenyl alanine and tyrosine, but no DOPA nor other diphenolic substrates of the catechol oxidase in the watery saliva. The soluble components of the saliva, which also has marked surfactant properties, are discussed in relation to the feeding process of coreids and the characteristic lesions they produce in their food plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382478
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ‘Osmotic pump’ feeding by coreids (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 73 (1994), S. 163-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coreidae ; saliva ; osmotic pump ; phytotoxicoses ; sucrase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Species of Coreidae (Heteroptera) cause ‘water soaked’ lesions in their food plants. Such insects typically feed from parenchyma in and surrounding vascular tissues and also cause acropetal wilting and necrosis of small diameter shoots. Feeding byMictis profana (Fabr.) in South Australia on the shoots ofAcacia iteaphylla F. Muell. ex Benth. was found to cause a local, concurrent increase in both water content and free amino acid concentration, consistent with phloem unloading. Coreids, unlike other groups of phytophagous Heteroptera, secrete a salivary sucrase (α-D-glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.48) as probably the sole salivary carbohydrase, and tissues attacked byM. profana showed more sucrose hydrolysing activity than unattacked. The salivary enzyme is postulated to cause unloading of solutes into the apoplast due to the osmotic effects of conversion of endogenous sucrose to glucose and fructose, allowing the insect to suck the leaked contents of many cells from a single locus. The term ‘osmotic pump feeding’ is proposed for such a process. In demonstrations of its feasibility, infiltration of shoots with mixtures of glucose and fructose stoichiometrically equivalent to isosmotic sucrose increased the amounts of tissue sap and amino acid that could be sucked from the tissues; similarly, invertase and 1 M sugars forced into the extracellular space of stem sections increased the amino acids offloaded into the bathing solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383423
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of damage to Eucalyptus caused by Amorbus obscuricornis and Gelonus tasmanicus (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 82 (1997), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coreidae ; Hemiptera ; Eucalyptus ; phytotoxicoses ; salivary enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Amorbus obscuricornis (Westwood) and Gelonus tasmanicus (Le Guillou) (Heteroptera: Coreidae) are specific to Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae). A. obscuricornis feeds almost exclusively upon apical shoots and causes a characteristic wilting and necrosis. By comparison, the feeding activities of G. tasmanicus result in no obvious phytotoxicosis. Salivary gland extracts from both species exhibited sucrase activity but no pectinmethylesterase (PME) activity. Saliva from A. obscuricornis also exhibited considerable oxidase activity. Sucrase activity was significantly higher in extracts derived from G. tasmanicus than from A. obscuricornis, but this could not explain the observed differences in phytotoxic symptoms. It is suggested that differences in plant damage are attributable to the site of feeding activity (i.e. young versus mature tissue), which predetermines the reactivity of host tissues, and/or the quantity of salivary enzymes injected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002933432645
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emplacement of xenolith nodules in the Kaupulehu lava flow, Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 57 (1995), S. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: lava flows ; xenoliths ; nodule beds ; levee deposits ; Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The basaltic Kaupulehu 1800–1801 lava flow of Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii contains abundant ultramafix xenoliths. Many of these xenoliths occur as bedded layers of semi-rounded nodules, each thinly coated with a veneer (typically 1 mm thick) of lava. The nodule beds are analogous to cobble deposits of fluvial sedimentary systems. Although several mechanisms have been proposed for the formation of the nodule beds, it was found that, at more than one locality, the nodule beds are overbank levee deposits. The geological occurrence of the nodules, certain diagnostic aspects of the flow morphology and consideration of the inferred emplacement process indicate that the Kaupulehu flow had an exceptionally low viscosity on eruption and that the flow of the lava stream was extremely rapid, with flow velocities of at least 10 m s-1 (more than 40 km h-1). This flow is the youngest on Hualalai Volcano and future eruptions of a similar type would pose considerable hazard to life as well as property.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265037
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emplacement of xenolith nodules in the Kaupulehu lava flow, Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 57 (1995), S. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words lava flows ; xenoliths ; nodule beds ; levee deposits ; Hualalai Volcano ; Hawaii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The basaltic Kaupulehu 1800–1801 lava flow of Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii contains abundant ultramafic xenoliths. Many of these xenoliths occur as bedded layers of semi-rounded nodules, each thinly coated with a veneer (typically 1 mm thick) of lava. The nodule beds are analogous to cobble deposits of fluvial sedimentary systems. Although several mechanisms have been proposed for the formation of the nodule beds, it was found that, at more than one locality, the nodule beds are overbank levee deposits. The geological occurrence of the nodules, certain diagnostic aspects of the flow morphology and consideration of the inferred emplacement process indicate that the Kaupulehu flow had an exceptionally low viscosity on eruption and that the flow of the lava stream was extremely rapid, with flow velocities of at least 10 m s–1 (more than 40 km h–1). This flow is the youngest on Hualalai Volcano and future eruptions of a similar type would pose considerable hazard to life as well as property.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265037
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compressed fluid technology: Application to RIE-developed resists (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 1585-1591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A novel plasma-developed resist lithographic process is described that uses compressed CO2 to extract nonvolatile siloxane molecules from host organic polymers. The process is capable of at least 0.75 μm resolution with an X-ray sensitive guest siloxane-host polymer system. A processing window was investigated and defined to eliminate or minimize film damage during compressed fluid extraction. Polymer deformation was usually avoided by using supercritical CO2 rather than liquid CO2, provided that film thicknesses were ≤1 μm. Increased solute concentrations in the host polymer also adversely affected the quality of extracted films. An in situ capacitance process monitoring scheme was developed which indicated that film damage, when observed, was primarily caused by explosive decompression of the solvent from the host polymer.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690331002
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the influence of process factors on plasma developed X-ray resist properties (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 1029-1038 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: UV spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and liquid chromatography (LC) have been used to analyze process factors that influence the properties of PDXR-2 plasma developed X-ray resist comprised of 92.5 wt percent poly(2,3-dichloro-1-propyl acrylate) and 7.5 wt percent bis-acryloxybutyltetramethyldisiloxane (BABTDS). The GPC-LC method is particularly useful in optimizing fixing conditions, determining monomer concentration in the film, and studying molecular processes caused by absorbed X-rays and thermal effects during fixing. Evidence for a synergistic sensitivity enhancement resulting from fixing and exposure is presented. Optimally processed O2 reactive-ion etch developed patterns exhibit a microgranular texture in both exposed and unexposed regions of 〈500 Å size. Unexposed region texture consists of SiO2 resulting from the BABTDS monomer. It is completely removed by reactive ion etching with CHF3 for short times at low power. The exposed area texture is not removed and affords an edge roughness per line edge of 〈500 Å. Resolution appears mask limited while granular size is dependent on exposure time. A 20 sec exposure optimizes resolution, pattern uniformity, and granularity. 0.5 μm line and space resolution can be obtained with the X-ray machine and masks currently in use.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231811
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen plasma removal of thin polymer films (1980)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 20 (1980), S. 1087-1092 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Relative rates of polymer removal in an oxygen plasma have been measured for 40 polymer samples. The rates of removal are correlated, with structural factors which enhance or retard removal. Strong backbone bonds, aromatic and polar functional groups, and metallic atoms decrease the removal rates. Weak bonds not attached to the- polymer backbone have little affect while weak bonds attached directly to the chain or in the chain greatly accelerate removal. Chlorine present in the polymer catalyzes removal. This can be mimicked by mixtures of CF4, and O2 for which much enhanced removal rates are observed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760201610
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