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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (33)
  • Chemical Engineering  (9)
  • turbot  (3)
  • Development  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects 964 (1988), S. 260-265 
    ISSN: 0304-4165
    Keywords: (Human) ; Development ; Enzyme activity ; Superoxide dismutase
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects 993 (1989), S. 186-190 
    ISSN: 0304-4165
    Keywords: (Human liver) ; Development ; Glutathione S-transferase
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: turbot ; growth ; γ-linolenic acid ; eicosapentaenoic acid ; liver pathology ; lipids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A marine fish oil, Marinol K (MO) and borage oil (BO) were used to formulate diets relatively rich in eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA; 20:5(n-3)] and γ-linolenic acid [GLA; 18:3(n-6)], respectively. The diets were fed to duplicate groups of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) of initial weight 1.4 g for a period of 12 weeks. No differences were observed in final weights either between duplicate tanks or between dietary treatments. Mortalities in the MO-fed group were significantly greater than in the BO-fed group. In the MO-fed group, 7 out of 12 fish sampled for histological analysis showed a pronounced liver histopathology whereas only 1 of 12 fish sampled in the BO-fed group showed slight pathology. EPA levels were increased 2.2-fold and its elongation product, 22:5(n-3), was increased 1.8-fold while arachidonic acid [AA; 20:4(n-6)] was decreased by 30% in MO-fed fish compared to the initial carcass composition. GLA was increased 53-fold and its elongation product dihomo-γ-linolenic acid [DHGLA; 20:3(n-6)] was increased 16-fold while AA was reduced by 90% in BO-fed fish compared to the initial carcass composition. The amount of triacylglycerol in liver of BO-fed fish was significantly greater than levels in MO-fed fish. The fatty acid compositions of individual phospholipids from liver showed marked differences between dietary treatments. Fish fed MO had significantly higher levels of the (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), 20:5(n-3), 22:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3), and also significantly more 20:4(n-6) compared to BO-fed fish which had significantly higher 18:2(n-6), 18:3(n-6), 20:2(n-6) and 20:3(n-6). The composition of liver phosphatidylinositol was particularly unusual in BO-fed fish having DHGLA as the major C20 PUFA which was 2.2-fold greater than AA and 3.9-fold greater than EPA. This study demonstrates that the carcass composition of turbot can be altered, by means of dietary lipids, to contain increased levels of EPA and DHGLA which would be of potential benefit in human as well as in fish nutrition. However, caution should be exercised when using very highly unsaturated oils relatively rich in EPA which may generate histopathological lesions in the fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: turbot ; arachidonic acid ; docosahexaenoic acid ; phospholipid ; prostaglandin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Five purified diets containing AA (20:4n-6) at 0.02–0.78% dry weight and DHA (22:6n-3) at 0.93–0.17% dry weight were fed to duplicate groups of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) of initial weight 0.87 g for a period of 11 weeks. The dietary DHA:AA ratio ranged from 62 to 0.2. Incorporation of AA into liver phospholipids increased with increasing dietary AA input. Phospholipids from fish fed diets containing 0.02, 0.06 and 0.11% of dry weight as AA generally contained less AA compared to fish fed fish oil while those fed diets containing 0.35 and 0.78% of dry weight as AA had higher AA levels in their phospholipids. The highest levels of AA were found in PI but the greatest percentage increase in AA incorporation was in PE and PC. Brain phospholipid fatty acid compositions were less altered by dietary treatment than those of liver but DHA content of PC and PE in brain was substantially lower in fish fed 0.93% pure DHA compared to those fed fish oil. This suggests that dietary DHA must exceed 1% of dry weight to satisfy the requirements of the developing neural system in juvenile turbot. In both tissues, (20:5n-3) concentration was inversely related to both dietary and tissue PI AA concentration. Similar dietary induced changes in AA, EPA and DHA concentrations occurred in the phospholipids of heart, gill and kidney. PGE2 and 6-ketoPGF1α were measured in homogenates of heart, brain, gill and kidney. In general, fish fed the lowest dietary AA levels had reduced levels of prostaglandins in their tissue homogenates while those fed the highest level of AA had increased prostaglandin levels, compared to fish fed fish oil. In brains, the PGE2 concentration was only significantly increased in fish fed the highest dietary AA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: turbot ; growth ; linoleate ; linolenate ; lipids ; fatty acids ; prostaglandins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstracts Three practical-type diets utilizing fishmeal and casein as the protein sources and containing fish oil (FO), safflower oil (SO) or linseed oil (LO) were fed to duplicate groups of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) of initial weight 1.2 g for a period of 12 weeks. No differences in final weight, mortality or development of pathological lesions were evident either between duplicate tanks or between dietary treatments over this period. Fish fed diets containing SO and LO contained significantly greater amounts of liver triacylglycerol compared to fish fed FO. The major C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in SO and LO diets, 18:2(n-6) and 18:3(n-3) respectively, were readily incorporated into both total lipid and individual phospholipids of turbot tissues. There was no accumulation of the Δ6-desaturation products of these fatty acids, namely 18:3(n-6) and 18:4(n-3), in any of the tissues examined. The products of elongation of 18:2(n-6) and and 18:3(n-3), 20:2(n-6) and 20:3(n-3) respectively, accumulated in both total lipid and phospholipids with the highest levels of 20:2(n-6) in liver PC and 20:3(n-3) in liver PE. Eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA, 20:5(n-3)] levels exceeded those of arachidonic acid [AA, 20:4(n-6)] in phosphatidylinositol (PI) from liver and gill of fish fed LO. EPA levels in liver PI from fish fed LO were 3-fold and 2-fold greater than SO-fed and FO-fed fish, respectively. Fish fed diets containing SO and LO had significantly reduced levels of AA in liver and muscle total lipid and lower AA in individual phospholipid classes of liver and gill compared to FO-fed fish. The concentration of thromboxane B2 was significantly reduced in plasma and isolated gill cells stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187 of fish fed SO and LO compared to those fed FO. Prostaglandin E produced by isolated gill cells stimulated with A23187 was significantly reduced in fish fed both SO and LO compared to fish fed FO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 240 (1996), S. 67-81 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Standard epoxy resins have good mechanical properties, but their prolonged low temperature curing time limits their potential use in clinical applications as well as in many industrial applications. A fast-curing epoxy-episulfide resin has been developed. The gel time of epoxy-episulfide made from EPONTrade mark of Shell Chemical Company. 828 ranges from 2 to 10 minutes by changing the ratio of the ingredients. The heat of reaction of this system is low, resulting in low cure shrinkage. Water absorption of the episulfide network is low. The epoxy-episulfide system cured with polyamide curing agent V-40 exhibits two transition temperatures, at about 85°C and 130°C, as shown in dynamic mechanical analysis data. In order to solve the long term stability problem of the above episulfides, and also the mixing problem, a lower viscosity resin, Eponex, was used to make Eponex-sulfide. Eponex-sulfide systems show promise in that they remain in a stable liquid form without epoxy. The other advantages appear to be retained.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 28 (1988), S. 605-609 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The static delamination behavior of graphite/epoxy composite specimens subjected to mode I tensile opening (using UDCBUniform double cantilever beam. specimens), and pure mode II shear loading (using ENFEnd-notched flexural. specimens) were studied. The graphite epoxy composites for the study were made from commercially treated fibers, with and without an electropolymerized interlayer. The mode I fracture energy (GIC) was found to be significantly higher (more than 50 percent) for the coated fibers. However, this improvement was accompanied by a high reduction (more than 3 times) in the mode II fracture energy (GIIC). This effect is apparently related to poor adhesion between the interlayer and the epoxy resin, which may be corrected by use of a “top layer” of appropriate composition to form chemical bonds between the phases. The fracture toughness (KIC) of composites made with commercially treated fibers was also evaluated, using double side-notched specimens.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 7 (1969), S. 1033-1057 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The phenomenon of double melting, as manifested by two characteristic endotherms in the melting region on a differential thermal analysis (DTA) scan, has been studied in nylon 66 and polystyrene as a function of sample treatment by annealing or drawing. A variety of techniques were used in these studies including DTA, x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and mechanical testing. It is shown that the two endotherms are not caused by a bimodal crystal size distribution, by recrystallization, by orientation changes, or by phase changes. It is proposed that one endotherm is caused by the melting of foldedchain crystals, while the other is due to the melting of less perfect bundle crystals. This view is well supported by the results, especially by the DTA measurements made at different heating rates. Published data on the thermal behavior of annealed and drawn poly(ethylene terephthalate) and on polyethylene crystallized at various pressures may also be explained on this basis if it is allowed that in polyethylene the chains may be more extended.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 1095-1102 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The variability in adhesive bond strength and extent of cure of room-temperature, amine-cured epoxy resins has limited their applications. This paper reports the observation of microscopic crystal formation at the interface of the resin with air, resulting in a variably lower resin curing rate, extent of cure, and up to ten times lower adhesive bond strength. These crystals were identified as an amine bicarbonate salt, resulting from the reaction of the amine at the surface of the curing mixture with air. The bicarbonate formation seems to be general for the types of hardeners used in room-temperature curing. The amine-bicarbonate compound can be decomposed back to the amine by heating above 80°C. Otherwise, exposure of room-temperature systems to air before bonding is undesirable.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 1875-1891 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Our limited success in toughening methylene dianiline (MDA)-cured Epon 828, using varying rubber types, led to a study of the role of the matrix viscoelasticity in the toughening process. Two rubber types, with different interfacial bonding capabilities, poly(n-butyl acrylate)/15 wt % acrylonitrile/2 wt % acrylic acid and poly(n-butylacrylate)/15 wt % acrylonitrile, were incorporated into systems containing varying amine concentrations to control crosslink density. Impact strengths of controls and rubber-modified compositions increased with excess amine concentrations up to 70%. The impact strengths for the poly(n-butyl acrylate)/15 wt % acrylonitrile/2 wt % acrylic acid rubber-modified compositions were greater than their equivalent controls, with the effect being greater at a lower crosslink density. This study confirmed that the matrix viscoelasticity is the controlling parameter in the toughening process. The degree of rubber-epoxy interfacial bonding is also an important parameter to consider, if the matrix viscoelasticity permits toughening. A modified stress response model was used to explain the toughening phenomenon.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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