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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 23 (1985), S. 2243-2271 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A continuum rheological theory, endowed with generalized structural significance, has recently been developed. Based on nonequilibrium thermodynamics, it relates stress σ, strain rate \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\dot \varepsilon$\end{document} and temperature in terms of material evolution through a series of structural states. The theory has previously had success in dealing with crystalline metals and surface physics, and here it is applied to crosslinked rubbery polymers in the nominally amorphous condition. Structure is believed to be related to interchain associations, chain entanglements, chain ends, and other defects in the hypothetical ideal network which by itself would lead to neo-Hookean predictions in uniaxial deformation, σnH ∝ λ2  -  λ-1, where λ is the stretch ratio. Predictions are made for σ(λ) in both tension and compression and shown to be more compatible with data than either σnH(λ) or the Mooney - Rivlin expression σMR(λ). Only two parameters are required, moduli Go (reflecting initial structure) and Gs (the steady-state condition), and rate effects are incorporated through Go(\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\dot \varepsilon$\end{document}) and Gs(\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\dot \varepsilon$\end{document}). The phenomena of yielding and stress softening in cyclic tensile loading are also predicted, suggesting advantages to this approach relative to conventional viscoelastic continuum models.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 2476-2486 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Carbon dioxide or ethane was used as an antisolvent medium from which organic solids dissolved in a liquid carrier solvent are precipated and collected as finely divided solids. Solid compounds of pharmaceutical interest, which are virtually insolute in the supercritical fluids per se, are efficiently obtained by injecting a solution of the solid into a volume of stirred supercritical fluid or compressed liquefied gas. A free-flowing powder comprising very small particles ( 〉 5 μm) is obtained. Both continuous-flow and batch operations were developed although he continuous-flow operation is preffered. Process variable including temperature, pressure, stirring rate, injection concentration, and the rate and temperature of the carrier solution injection were studied to see how they affect the physical properties of the resultant product. Recovery (yield), particle size and uniformity, bulk powder density, microscopic apperance, and surface area were measured. Carbon dioxide and ethane antisolvents, several liquid-phase injection solvents, and different solid compunds were studied. A simple unsteady-state mathematical model of this CSTR precipitator is also presented.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 8 (1962), S. 378-382 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 16 (1970), S. 575-580 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Whole human blood was sheared in the flow field of a concentric cylinder Couette viscometer in the hope of isolating the physical traumas specifically related to the escape of intracellular hemoglobin. The experimental results indicated that laminar shear stresses per se were not instrumental within the investigated range (up to 600 dynes/sq.cm.). This, plus the hematocrit dependence, evidenced the importance of interaction of individual red cells with a surface in the hemolytic event.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 185-188 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 1-25 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Molecular theories of polymer rheology are reviewed with emphasis on predictions of the more familiar properties: non-Newtonian viscosity and normal stress in steady shear, complex viscosity in oscillatory shear, and elongational viscosity in extensional flow. Both dilute and concentrated solutions are discussed, with emphasis on the former. An important objective is clarification of polymer modeling strategies and how they are related to polymer structure. The intended readership consists of those engineers familiar in a general way with continuum polymer rheology, but with no special expertise in polymer physical or theoretical chemistry.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 467-473 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Normal stress and viscometric measurements were made on nine polymer solutions with cone-and-plate instruments. Temperature, concentration, molecular weight, and chemical structure were varied. Zero-shear viscosities, obtained by extrapolation of falling-sphere data, ranged from 0.7 to 380 poise.A brief description is given of a normal stress-measurement apparatus, incorporating fast-response strain gauge pressure transducers. Measurements were made at shear rates between 5 and 2,800 sec.-1, sometimes necessitating a considerable correction for inertial forces.Non-Newtonian viscosity, normal stress, recoverable shear strain, and elastic modulus are presented in terms of modified Ferry reduced variables.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 12 (1966), S. 1064-1070 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method is suggested for calculating stresses in sheared polymeric liquids. It synthesizes Kirkwood's correlation function techniques and Fixman's formulation for the stress tensor P. The dependence of P on powers of solute concentration, in the concentrated solution range, arises from a consideration of intermolecular forces. A non-Newtonian viscosity, characterized by only two parameters (low shear viscosity limit ηo and time constant λ), is derived from simple choices of functions which appear in the expression for P.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 19 (1973), S. 1047-1049 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 1204-1207 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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