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  • Chemical Engineering  (32)
  • Surfactant ion-selective electrode  (1)
  • lecithin  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activities and viscosities of aqueous bile acid salt-lecithin solutions (1972)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 1 (1972), S. 269-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Isopiestic ; bile salts ; lecithin ; solubilization ; number micelles ; gallbladder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Isopiestic and viscosity measurements on aqueous sodium cholate-lecithin solutions are reported at high concentrations which include the physiological region as a lower limit. At low cholate concentration, the addition of lecithin increases the activity of water, consistent with earlier studies showing increases of micellar weights. At higher cholate concentrations, the activity of water is independent of lecithin concentrations. Studies of binary solutions of bile acid salts and detergents agree very closely with earlier work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645106
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surfactant ion electrode measurements of sodium alkylsulfate and alkyltrimethylammonium bromide micellar solutions (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 11 (1982), S. 581-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Surfactant ion-selective electrode ; sodium alkylsulfates ; alkyltrimethylammonium bromides ; micelles ; critical micelle concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract EMF measurements in water at 25°C have been made using surfactant ion and counterion electrodes on two homologous series of long chain surfactants, the sodium alkylsulfates (R=n-C8H17 to n-C14H29) and the alkyltrimethylammonium bromides (R=C10H21 to C16H33). The data show evidence of association below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) but not of micelle ordering due to coulombic repulsion above this concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00649258
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Racemic leucine separation by hollow-fiber extraction (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1493-1498 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Racemic leucine can be separated into d- and l-isomers by fractional extraction across microporous hollow fibers. In this extraction, an aqueous solution of the racemate is fed to the lumen of the fibers, and an octanol solution of dodecyl-l-hydroxyproline flows countercurrently outside of the fibers. The interface between feed and extractant is stabilized by filling the pores in the hollow-fiber walls with a cross-linked polyvinylalcohol gel which offers negligible resistance to mass transfer. The extraction with dodecyl-l-hydroxyproline deliberately imitates earlier studies, facilitating comparisons of hollow-fiber extraction with other techniques. The results show that the isomer yield per equipment volume of racemic separation is 100 times greater than that in a continuously rotating extractor, and 1,000 times greater than that in a conventional packed tower.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381002
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper selective adsorption with a microemulsion-based resin (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 1165-1170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cross-linked terpolymers of allyl acetylacetone, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were synthesized in the oil phase of a bicontinuous microemulsion stabilized with didodecyldimethylammonium bromide. The resulting material is porous, with a surface area of 58 m2/dry g. It selectively adsorbs copper, picking up 0.07 meq/dry g from a 0.1-M solution. This is less than the total apparent capacity of 0.65 meq/dry g inferred from titration with base and much less than the amount in conventional, nonselective resins, which is typically 5 meq/dry g. Breakthrough curves in packed beds and across membranes of this material seem consistent with uptake controlled by chemical reaction compromised by dispersion. Nonporous membranes of this material do not show facilitated transport.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410512
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic microporous materials made by bicontinuous microemulsion polymerization (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 907-914 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microporous solids made by polymerizing the organic phase of bicontinuous microemulsions stabilized with didodecyldimethylammonium bromide show surface areas as high as 70 m2/g. Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements on microporous copolymers containing polymethylmethacrylate show that these areas result from structures larger than 250 Å that are generated during polymerization. These X-rays measurements also show that the 17-Å structures characteristics of the original microemulsion are retained during polymerization, but destroyed when the detergent is extracted and the solid is dried.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410417
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silica gels made by bicontinuous microemulsion polymerization (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microporous silica gels can be made by polymerizing partially hydrolyzed tetramethoxysilane sols present in the aqueous phase of bicontinuous microemulsions stabilized with didodecyldimethylammonium bromide. When vacuum-dried, the gels made in microemulsions have about twice the specific surface area of conventional vacuum-dried silica gels. They have 70% of the specific area of supercritically dried gels. Small-angle X-ray Scattering measurements in these gels show two characteristic sizes. One size, around 24Å, in the original microemulsion is retained during polymerization, but lost when the detergent is extracted. The second size grows with the square root of time during the polymerization, suggesting diffusion-controlled gelation.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410115
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas separations in hollow-fiber adsorbers (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 1413-1425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The adsorption of ethane from helium was measured in beds packed with 2.5 μm zeolite crystals and containing either a single hollow fiber or multiple fibers. THe single-fiber experiments indicate that the mass-transfer rate in bends containing zeolite 13X is limited by diffusion across the fiber wall and through macropores. FOr adsorption in single-fiber beds packed with zeolite 4A, mass transfer is limited by micropore diffusion within the particles. Breakthrough curves from beds containign 13X are adequately described with the linear driving force model, while curves from beds containing 4A are consistent with the Rosen model.Breakthrough curves from beds packed with zeolite 13X and containing multiple fibers can be predicted from the experiments with single-fiber beds when the fibers are evenly spaced. When fibers are unevenly spaced, the breakthrough curves are more disperse. Unevenly spaced fibers are the normal case. Even when fibers are evenly spaced, the productivity of hollow-fiber beds is expected to be no greater than that in conventional beds.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410608
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barrier membranes with tipped impermeable flakes (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 2-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Diffusion of carbon dioxide through silicone-polycarbonate membranes containing oriented mica flakes is proportional to the square of the volume fraction of the flakes, to the square of the aspect ratio, and to the square of the cosine of the angle at which the flakes are oriented. These experiments are consistent with Monte Carlo simulations. The simulations allow investigation of more complex geometries, including other flake orientations and polydisperse flake sizes.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractional extraction with hollow fibers with hydrogel-filled walls (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 855-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Extractions using hollow fibers can be faster and more efficient than those in conventional equipment. These advantages, due to the large area per volume possible with fibers, can be compromised by accidental convection through the fibers' pores. When these pores are filled with gels of crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol, convection through the pores is stopped but the overall mass transfer is unaltered. The separations across these gel-filled fiber walls provide excellent yield and purity, especially in the case of fractional extraction.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690370608
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polydisperse tube diameters compromise multiple open tubular chromatographyw (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 946-953 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article demonstrates that even 1% polydispersity in hollow-fiber diameters can increase plate heights by as much as an order of magnitude. The demonstration includes an analytical extension of the Taylor-Aris and the Golay dispersion theories, a numerical solution using the measured polydisperity, and successful predictions of the performance of different hollow-fiber systems over a range of flow rates. All these results show that the effect of polydispersity can dominate column performance, especially in the region where the column efficiency is optimal.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690390604
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