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Complications in the Use of the Taylor Dispersion Method for Ternary Diffusion Measurements: Methanol + Acetone + Water Mixtures (1997)

van de Ven-Lucassen, I. M. J. J. ; Kemmere, M. F. ; Kerkhof, P. J. A. M.

Springer

Journal of solution chemistry 26 (1997), S. 1145-1167

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ISSN: 1572-8927

Keywords: Taylor dispersion ; ternary diffusion coefficients ; aqueous non-electrolyte solutions ; methanol ; acetone

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract The Taylor dispersion technique is used to measure the ternary mutual diffusion coefficients of aqueous nonelectrolyte solutions at 25°C. The dispersion of the injected solutes is recorded by a differential refractometer and an ultraviolet-visible detector. The diffusion coefficients are calculated directly by fitting the theoretical dispersion equations to about six experimental curves simultaneously. If the ternary diffusion effects in the measured dispersion profiles are not confused by the inaccuracy of the experimental method or an unfavorable relative detector sensitivity, the diffusion coefficients are precise. For the system methanol + acetone + water, it is shown that the Taylor dispersion method is unsuitable for the determination of all the diffusion coefficients if the methanol mole fraction is less than 0.45 or the acetone mole fraction if more than 0.001.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022929123165

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Determining porosity profiles during filtration and expression of sewage sludge by NMR imaging (1996)

La Heij, E. J. ; Kerkhof, P. J. A. M. ; Kopinga, K. ; [et al.]

Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell

AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 953-959

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ISSN: 0001-1541

Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: The formation of a filter cake during mechanical dewatering (filtration and expression) of sludge is studied using one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging of porosity profiles. The experiments clearly showed the formation of a porosity gradient during filtration and the disappearing of this gradient during expression, forming a cake with a uniform porosity. This technique makes it possible to investigate the material behavior of the porous medium, which is needed before any model calculations can be performed. The results indicate that NMR imaging is useful in nondestructive monitoring of the filtration and expression process of sludge.

Additional Material: 9 Ill.