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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tris(hydroxmethyl)aminomethane permits the expression of insulin-induced receptor loss in isolated rat adipocytes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 102 (1981), S. 646-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Keywords: [abr] BSA; bovine serum albumin ; [abr] DNP; 2,4,dinitrophenol ; [abr] Hepes; 4-(2-hydroxymethyl)-1-piperazine-2-ethanosulfonic acid ; [abr] MEM; minimal essential medium ; [abr] Tricine; Tris (hydroxy-methyl)methyglycine ; [abr] Tris; Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(81)80181-7
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tris(hydroxmethyl)aminomethane permits the expression of insulin-induced receptor loss in isolated rat adipocytes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 102 (1981), S. 646-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Keywords: [abr] BSA; bovine serum albumin ; [abr] DNP; 2,4,dinitrophenol ; [abr] Hepes; 4-(2-hydroxymethyl)-1-piperazine-2-ethanosulfonic acid ; [abr] MEM; minimal essential medium ; [abr] Tricine; Tris (hydroxy-methyl)methyglycine ; [abr] Tris; Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(81)80181-7
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of porcelain application procedures on two noble alloysDegudent U, 77.5%Au, 10Pt. 9Pd. Sn, In, Degussa Dental Inc., Long Island, NY.Based on a Ph.D. thesis by M. Bagby done in the Department of Biological Materials, and submitted to the Graduate School, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Biomaterials 1 (1990), S. 31-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1045-4861
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Distortion of ceramometal restorations during porcelain application is often attributed to mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients. Little attention has been paid to treatment the metal receives after casting. Oxide formation, lattice parameter changes, and macroscopic distortion were studied for flat specimens of two ceramometal alloys, a high Pd alloy and a high Au alloy. SnO2 and In2O3 formed on the surface of the high Au alloy after the oxidation firing, while SnO2 and CuGa2O4 formed on the high Pd alloy. Lattice parameter changes reflected the loss of base metal elements in the formation of surface oxides. The edges of specimens distorted toward the ground side. Such distortion can be explained by the induction of residual stress in the metal surface during grinding and subsequent surface stress annealing accompanied with subsurface elastic recovery during firings. Oxide formation was not related to specimen distortion. This study suggests a relationship between surface preparation and specimen distortion during porcelain application procedures.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jab.770010106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic force microscopy of conditioning agents on dentin (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 1381-1387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Dentin conditioners provide a microporous surface for penetration by bonding agents. This study used an atomic force microscope (AFM) to examine the initial steps in the conditioning process of dentin using three demineralizing agents, 0.5 M EDTA, and dilute solutions of phosphoric (3mM, 6mM) and citric (5 mM) acids, in order to establish the relationships between demineralization and changes in surface morphology. Polished dentin disks had a 10-nm-thick gold pattern applied which served as a height reference. Samples(n = 3/agent) were examined at baseline and at 2-s intervals for up to 120 s for each agent. EDTA (0.5 M) was used as received; other conditioners were diluted to slow the rates of demineralization for detailed study. The surfaces of the peritubular and intertubular regions were altered differently. Initially subsidence rates were equal and linear, but after a 100-nm depth change the intertubular rates decreased. For phosphoric acid and citric acid, the movement of the intertubular surface was uniform and the surfaces remained smooth. However, the intertubular surfaces were rough for the EDTA treatment. The surface subsidence reached a plateau after a depth change of about 0.5μm, which resulted from a limit to the contraction of the demineralized and hydrated collagen scaffold. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820291109
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscoelastic properties of demineralized human dentin measured in water with atomic force microscope (AFM)-based indentation (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 40 (1998), S. 539-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: atomic force microscope (AFM) ; dentin ; collagen ; viscoelasticity ; mechanical properties ; elastic modulus ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Using an atomic force microscope (AFM) with an attachment specifically designed for indentation, we measured the mechanical properties of demineralized human dentin under three conditions: in water, in air after desiccation, and in water after rehydration. The static elastic modulus (Ehr = 134 kPa) and viscoelastic responses (τε = 5.1 s and τσ = 6.6 s) of the hydrated, demineralized collagen scaffolding were determined from the standard linear solid model of viscoelasticity. No significant variation of these properties was observed with location. On desiccation, the samples showed considerably larger elastic moduli (2 GPa), and a hardness value of 0.2 GPa was measured. Upon rehydration the elastic modulus decreased but did not fully recover to the value prior to dehydration (381 kPa). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 40, 539-544, 1998.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of citric acid concentration on dentin demineralization, dehydration, and rehydration: Atomic force microscopy study (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 42 (1998), S. 500-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: dentin ; demineralization ; shrinkage ; rehydration ; atomic force microscopy ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Most current dentin bonding procedures use acid etchants to partially demineralize the dentin structure and provide pathways for resin infiltration. This study determined the recession rates of peritubular dentin and intertubular dentin as a function of pH during demineralization in citric acid solutions (0.0005-2.5M) and the effects of dehydration and rehydration on the partially demineralized dentin. Polished dentin disks were prepared with an internal reference layer and were studied at specific intervals for citric acid etching between pH 1 and 3.4 in an atomic force microscope. Peritubular dentin etched rapidly and linearly with time until it could no longer be measured. The intertubular surface began etching at nearly the same rate, but then recession slowed for all concentrations and stabilized after recession of less than 1 μm for all but the pH 1 solution. The decrease in recession was attributed to the limitation of contraction of the demineralized collagen scaffold as long as it remained hydrated. Dehydration following etching resulted in significant collapse of the surface, changes in roughness, and a slight decrease in tubule diameter for samples etched for 30 min. Measurements could not be made of the collapse for low pH samples, because shrinkage stresses disrupted the integrity of the reference layer. On rehydration, the dehydrated surfaces underwent an expansion up to the level seen after etching and tubule diameters returned to the etched values. These results indicate that the collapse of demineralized matrix is almost totally recoverable on rehydration. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 42, 500-507, 1998.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The toxicity of alkyllead compounds to Scrobicularia plana (Da Costa) (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 2 (1988), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Scrobicularia ; alkyllead compounds ; toxicity ; inhalent siphon ; bivalves ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conventional (whole animal) toxicity tests were made with Scrobicularia plana (Da Costa), an infaunal estuarine bivalve, and compared with the responses recorded from siphonal preparations. Exposure of Scrobicularia to low concentrations of triethyllead chloride and trimethyllead chloride, for 35 and 60 days respectively, produced typical response curves. However, mortality had not become asymptotic with time at lower concentrations, suggesting further mortality with increased exposure time. An approximate incipient lethal concentration was predicted.A siphonal preparation technique with isolated and in-situ inhalent siphons of Scrobicularia was used to estimate the lowest effect concentrations of alkyllead compounds. Response to alkyllead was indicated by contraction of the siphon, recorded via an isotonic transducer. Trialkyllead compounds were more toxic than the respective dialkylleads and inorganic lead. Toxicity of trialklleads and inorganic lead. Toxicity of trialkylleads increased with alkyl chain length. Pure tetraethyllead did not cause any siphonal contraction even when applied directly to the preparation. It was concluded that tetraethyllead has a low toxicity or is non-toxic in pure form.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590020208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of organolead compounds on a freshwater and a marine alga (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1 (1987), S. 29-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Algae ; alkyllead compounds ; toxicity ; alkyl chain length ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: There are conflicting reports concerning the toxicity of tetraalkyllead (TAL) compounds to algae. A number of groups have found the TAL's to be comparable in toxicity with the trialkyllead compounds (R3Pb+), whereas in a recent report it is suggested that the TAL's themselves are completely non-toxic and any apparent toxicity is due to R3Pb+ breakdown products.With the object of identifying the toxic agent, the effect of Et4Pb (TEL) on two algal species was re-examined. Analyses were carried out during the course of the incubations to establish the nature and concentrations of organoleads present in both media and algae, and hence evaluate their relative contributions to total toxicity.Algae were also cultured in the presence of Me4Pb (TML), Me3PbCl, Et3PbCl, Bu3PbCl and Et2PbCl2 to assess relationships between alkyl chain length and degree of substitution around the lead on algal activity. Additions of selenide and sulphide were made to the Et3Pb+ and Et2Pb2+ systems to see if these environmentally abundant species reduced or enhanced organolead toxicity. Problems were encountered in the analysis of the heterogeneous TEL containing media. Regardless of the analytical problems, the results confirm the previous findings that TAL's are non-toxic to algae and it is the R3Pb+ breakdown products which are responsible for the apparent toxicity of the TAL's. The trialkylleads were the most toxic of the several alkyllead species studied, and within the trialkyl series toxicity increased with alkyl chain length. Neither selenide or sulphide had any significant ameliorative effect on alkyllead toxicity. It was found that the ionic organoleads were complexed on the TAL's and this complexing led to a number of unexpected results.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590010106
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