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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Neuroleptics ; Supersensitivity ; Mice ; Apomorphine ; Cholinergic ; Anticholinergic ; GABA-agonists ; Benzodiazepines ; Barbiturates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Single and repeated administration of neuroleptics induce supersensitivity to dopamine agonists like apomorphine and methylphenidate. The degree of this supersensitivity depends on the period of the preceding administration of the neuroleptic. In the development phase additional administration of apomorphine can reverse the hyperdopaminergic behaviour, whereas addition of cholinergic/anticholinergic treatment does not modify the enhanced receptor response. In the supersensitivity phase additional treatment with deanol does not modify the supersensitivity. Phenobarbital, diazepam, and muscimol increase and cis (Z)-flupenthixol decreases the supersensitivity. It is concluded that supersensitivity induced by neuroleptics is time-dependent and that it can be prevented by additional treatment with DA-agonists but not by cholinergic/anticholinergic treatment. In the supersensitivity phase, the syndrome is suppressed by dopamine antagonists but enhanced by GABA-agonists, benzodiazepine and phenobarbital.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 48 (1976), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Neuroleptics ; Supersensitivity ; Dopamine receptors ; Compulsive behavior ; Mice ; Apomorphine ; Methylphenidate ; Synthesis inhibition ; Cholinergic ; Anticholinergic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Different neuroleptics caused dopamine receptor blockade (antagonism against methylphenidate-induced compulsive gnawing) for varying lengths of time. When the receptor blockade had expired, supersensitivity to dopamine agonists (occurrence of apomorphine-induced compulsive gnawing and enhancement of methylphenidate-induced gnawing) developed and persisted for varying periods of time. The degree and duration of supersensitivity was related to the degree and duration of the preceding receptor blockade. Inhibition of catecholamine or 5-HT synthesis had no influence on development of supersensitivity. Stimulation with a dopamine agonist, apomorphine, during the period of the development of supersensitivity did not modify the enhanced receptor supersensitivity. A cholinergic-dopaminergic balance was shown to be involved in the manifestation of compulsive behavior during the supersensitivity phase. Tolerance to the dopamine antagonistic effect of a neuroleptic also developed after a single neuroleptic treatment, most likely due to increased sensitivity of the receptors for the dopamine agonist. It is concluded, that the dopamine receptor blockade induced by a single dose of a neuroleptic agent is a dynamic phenomenon which in the course of time is replaced by an increased sensitivity of the receptors to dopamine agonists. Noradrenergic or 5-HT neuron systems do not seem to be involved in the neuroleptic-induced supersensitivity, whereas a dopaminergic-cholinergic balance is operative in the supersensitivity situation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 14 (1897), S. 297-301 
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 74 (1906), S. 161-187 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 63 (1901), S. 313-351 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 68 (1903), S. 425-448 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 69 (1904), S. 193-222 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 71 (1904), S. 1-29 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structure of N′-acetyl-L-prolinamide and its isomorphous alalog N′-acetyl-(S)-thiazolidine-4-carboxamide was determined using highly accurate parameters obtained by room- and low-temperature data-collecting systems. Both crystals are orthorhombic, space group P212121, with four molecules per unit cell held together by a hydrogen-bond system that extends in all directions.Both molecules exhibit the following conformational features: the acetyl group is in the trans configuration in respect to the tertiary amide. The primary amide is almost at right angles with respect to the mean plane of the ring and the -NH2 group is over the ring. The pyrrolidine and thiazolidine rings were found to be rather flexible with Cβ puckering in the former and sulfur in the latter.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 392 (1972), S. 107-123 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal and molecular structure of MoO2Cl2 · H2O. I. Determination of the structural unitBy x-ray single crystal diffraction, HMR and vibrational spectroscopy measurements the nature of the compound MoO2Cl2 · H2O is proved. The space group is Pmn21 with a0 = 9.23, b0 = 4 X 3.89, c0 = 6.91 (Å); Z = 4 X 2; dcalc. = 2.687 (g/cm3). The molybdenum atom is tetrahedrally coordinated by two chlorine atoms, one terminal and one bridging oxygen atom with distances 2.352, 1.671, 1.678 (Å), respectively. The fifth coordination atom is the bridging oxygen atom of a neighbouring unit, placed 2.246 Å apart. It can be shown that the water molecule exhibits H-bridges to the chlorine atoms, its oxygen atom having a distance of 2.301 Å from the molybdenum. The coordination is strongly related to that in MoO3. The topotactic relations between MoO2Cl2 · H2O/MoO3 and WO2Cl2/WO3 are compared. Some experimental properties of the occuring superstructure are given.
    Notes: Durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse von Einkristallen, HMR- und Schwingungsspektren wird das Vorliegen der Verbindung MoO2Cl2 · H2O bewiesen. Sie kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe Pmn21 mit a0 = 9,23, b0 = 4 X 3,89, c0 = 6,91 (Å); Z = 4 X 2; scalc. = 2,687 (g/cm3). Molybdän ist umgeben von zwei Chlor-, einem endständigen und einem verbrückenden Sauerstoffatom in Form eines ungleichen Tetraeders. Die Bindungsabstände betragen 2 X 2,352, 1,671, 1,678 (Å). Eine fünfte Koordinationsstelle wird im Abstand von 2,246 Å durch das verbrückende O-Atom einer benachbarten Formeleinheit besetzt. Das O-Atom der Wassermolekel hat einen Abstand zum Mo-Atom von 2,301 Å. Es wird gezeigt, daß H-Brücken zu den Cl-Atomen gebildet werden. Die Koordinationsverhältnisse sind denen in MoO3 sehr verwandt. Topotaktische Beziehungen zwischen MoO2Cl2 · H2O/MoO3 und WO2Cl2/WO3 werden verglichen. Einige experimentelle Ergebnisse der auftretenden Überstruktur werden mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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