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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Bioinorganic Chemistry 2 (1973), S. 149-157 
    ISSN: 0006-3061
    Keywords: Albumin ; Cobalt (II) ; Plasma proteins
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Bioinorganic Chemistry 2 (1973), S. 149-157 
    ISSN: 0006-3061
    Keywords: Albumin ; Cobalt (II) ; Plasma proteins
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 24 (1969), S. 235-248 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Artificial Respiration in Cyanide Poisoning ; Cobaltous EDTA ; Cobaltous Histidine ; Cyanide Poisoning ; Hydrocyanic Acid Exhalation ; Blausäureexhalation ; Cyanidvergiftung ; Kobalt-EDTA ; Kobalthistidin ; künstliche Beatmung bei Cyanidvergiftung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Blausäureexhalation von Meerschweinchen, die eine Natriumcyanid-Infusion erhielten (0,2 mg/kg×min), wurde mit einer neuen Methode bestimmt. Der Einfluß einer künstlichen Beatmung und der Applikation von Antidoten auf die HCN-Abgabe über die Lunge wurde gemessen. Die Geschwindigkeit des Abfalls der HCN-Konzentration in der Atemluft der Tiere wurde zur Beurteilung der Wirkungsgeschwindigkeit verschiedener Antidote herangezogen. Es ergaben sich folgende Befunde: 1. Die Elimination von Blausäure über die Lunge ist bei Spontanatmung sehr gering. Sie erreicht bis zum Atemstillstand nur 1–2% der infundierten Dosis. 2. Durch eine künstliche Beatmung wurde die Blausäureexhalation auf das 3–4 fache gesteigert. 3. Nach einer Thiosulfatbehandlung fiel die Blausäureexhalation langsam ab und erreichte nach 30 min ihren niedrigsten Wert, der trotz fortgesetzter NaCN-Infusion nicht wieder überschritten wurde. 4. Nach Verabreichung der Kobaltchelate Co[Co-EDTA] und [Co(Histidin)2] kam es schon innerhalb von 1–2 min zu einem ganz plötzlichen Abfall der HCN-Abgabe über die Lungen; damit wurde die hohe Wirkungsgeschwindigkeit dieser Antidote unter Beweis gestellt. 5. Die Gleichwertigkeit der beiden Kobaltantidote konnte auch bei der Wiederbelebung von Meerschweinchen im letzten Vergiftungsstadium gezeigt werden. 6. Die i.v. Toxicität von [Co(Histidin)2] war wesentlich geringer als die von Co[Co-EDTA]; danach wäre der Histidinkomplex als Cyanidantidot zu bevorzugen.
    Notes: Summary A new method was applied to determine the exhalation of hydrocyanic acid by guinea pigs receiving sodium cyanide by intravenous infusion (0,2 mg/kg×min). The effect of artificial respiration and the application of antidotes on HCN-release from the lungs has been measured. The slope in the decline of the concentration of hydrocyanic acid in the respiratory air of the animals was used as parameter for the velocity of action of various antidotes. The following results were obtained: 1. The elimination of hydrocyanic acid by the lung is very low in animals breathing spontaneously. Before respiratory standstill occurred 1–2% of the dose given by infusion were thus eliminated. 2. Exhalation of hydrocyanic acid was increased 3–4 fold by applying artificial respiration. 3. Following thiosulfate the hydrocyanic acid exhaled decreased slowly reaching the lowest values after 30 min which was then maintained although the infusion of sodium cyanide was continued. 4. Following the application of the cobaltous chelates Co[Co-EDTA] an [Co (histidine)2] the release of hydrocyanic acid from the lungs dropped suddenly within 1–2 min. Thus the rapid action of the antidotes was proven. 5. In addition both cobaltous antidotes were demonstrated to be equally effective when the reanimation of guinea pigs from the last stage of cyanide poisoning was measured. 6. The toxicity of [Co(histidine)2] when injected intravenously was considerably lower than that of Co[Co-EDTA]. Thus the histidine complex is the preferable antidote in cyanide poisoning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 27 (1971), S. 111-123 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cyanide Poisoning ; p-Dimethylaminophenole ; Cobaltous Histidine ; Sodium Nitrite ; Sodium Thiosulfate ; Cyanidvergiftung ; p-Dimethylaminophenol ; Kobalthistidin ; Natriumnitrit ; Natriumthiosulfat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An cyanidvergifteten Meerschweinchen und Katzen wurde der Einfluß von Cyanidantidoten auf die Blausäureexhalation gemessen und so ihre Wirkungsgeschwindigkeit und ihre Entgiftungskapazität bestimmt. Mit diesem Verfahren einer exakten Beurteilung des therapeutischen Wertes verschiedener Antidote ergaben sich folgende Befunde: 1. Kobalthistidin in einer Dosierung von 20 mg/kg zeichnete sich in beiden Tierspecies durch eine sehr hohe Wirkungsgeschwindigkeit aus. Seine Entgiftungskapazität war jedoch unzureichend. Beim Menschen erscheint die Therapie einer schweren Blausäurevergiftung mit Co(His)2 sinnvoll, aber nur in Kombination mit Natriumthiosulfat. 2. Durch eine 30%ige Methämoglobinbildung bei i.v. Injektion von 2,25 mg/kg p-Dimethylaminophenol (DMAP) wurde bei Katzen die gleich hohe Wirkungsgeschwindigkeit erzielt wie mit Co(His)2. Eine Dosis von 0,75 mg/kg DMAP führte jedoch mit einer Bildung von 10% Methämoglobin erst 2,4 min später zu einer entsprechenden Senkung der HCN-Exhalation. Die Entgiftungskapazität von DMAP war beträchtlich höher als die von Co(His)2, blieb aber auch weit hinter der des Natriumthiosulfats zurück. 3. Für Natriumthiosulfat wurde auch mit der neuen Methode die sehr hohe Entgiftungskapazität dieser Verbindung bei beiden untersuchten Tierarten unter Beweis gestellt. Stets setzte jedoch die Wirkung erst sehr spät ein. In der Praxis sollte man niemals auf die Anwendung dieses Antidots verzichten. Bei allen schweren Vergiftungen kann nur die Kombination mit einem schneller wirkenden Antidot, wie mit Co(His)2 oder mit DMAP, erfolgreich sein. 4. Bei der Anwendung von Natriumnitrit in relativ hoher Dosierung wurde weder eine hohe Wirkungsgeschwindigkeit noch eine befriedigende Entgiftungskapazität erreicht. Damit genügt es nicht mehr den Anforderungen, die man heute an ein Blausäureantidot stellen soll.
    Notes: Abstract The effect of various antidotes on the exhalation of hydrocyanic acid has been measured in guinea pigs and cats poisoned with cyanide. This procedure permits evaluation of both the speed of action and the capacity of the agents tested to detoxify hydrocyanic acid, and therefore allows an exact judgement as to therapeutic value of various antidotes to cyanide poisoning. The results were as follows: 1. Cobaltous histidine at a dose of 20 mg/kg was distinguished among the compounds tested by its rapid action in both species. Its detoxifying capacity was not adequate however. Treatment of severe cyanide poisoning in man with Co (his)2 would appear to be reasonable, but only when combined with sodium thiosulfate. 2. The same rapid action as with cobaltous histidine was achieved in cats by intravenous injection of 2.25 mg/kg p-dimethylaminophenole (DMAP) leading to a methemoglobin formation of 30%. A dose of 0.75 mg/kg DMAP forming 10% methemoglobin reduced HCN-exhalation by an equivalent amount only after a 2.4 min delay. The capacity of DMAP to detoxify hydrocyanic acid was considerably greater than that of cobaltous histidine but still was far inferior to that of sodium thiosulfate. 3. The high capacity of sodium thiosulfate to detoxify hydrocyanic acid was likewise demonstrated by the new method employed here in both animal species. However, the onset of its effect was always very delayed. In clinical practice, this agent should never be omitted, but in treatment of severe poisonings it will only be successful when combined with a more rapid-acting antidote such as cobaltous histidine or DMAP. 4. Sodium nitrite, even when applied in relatively high doses, did not act rapidly enough nor did it demonstrate a satisfactory capacity to detoxify hydrocyanic acid. Therefore, it no longer fulfills the requirements that presently should be demanded of an antidote to hydrocyanic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 91-103 
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: DNA repair ; DNA glycosylases ; E coli ; AP endonucleases ; UV radiation ; alkylation damage ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: This brief review presents the salient features of new developments in the enzymatic repair of base damage to DNA. DNA glycosylases and apurinic/ apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases are reviewed and evidence is presented that in at least two prokaryote systems incision of UV-irradiated DNA occurs by the sequential action of these two classes of enzymes. In contradistinction, the uvrA, uvrB, and uvrC gene products of E coli appear to function as a multiprotein complex that catalyzes hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in damaged DNA directly. The inducible rapid repair of O6- methylguanine in E coli is also reviewed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 66 (1963), S. 168-179 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wird über Lichtstreuungs- und Viskositätsmessungen an Lösungen von Hydroxyäthylcellulose in binären Gemischen von Wasser und Dimethylsulfoxyd sowie von Wasser und Formamid berichtet. Das Mischungsverhältnis wurde im Bereich von 0-100 Vol.-% Dimethylsulfoxyd und 0-80 Vol.-% Formamid variiert.Obgleich sowohl Wasser als auch Dimethylsulfoxyd jedes für sich ein gutes Lösungsmittel für Hydroxyäthylcellulose ist, ergaben die Messungen eine Aggregation des Polymeren in Mischungen dieser beiden Lösungsmittel mit einem Gehalt von 30-75% Dimethylsulfoxyd. Dieses Verhalten ist eine Folge der starken Dipol-Dipol-Wechselwirkung zwischen Wasser und Dimethylsulfoxyd, die zu einer Lösungsmittelstruktur mit stark verminderter Wechselwirkung zwischen Lösungsmittel und Polymeren führt. Hydroxyäthylcellulose ist in reinem Formamid bei Zimmertemperatur unlöslich, dagegen sind Wasser/Formamidgemische mit einem Formamidgehalt bis zu 80 Vol.-% thermodynamisch gute Lösungsmittel. Lichtstreuungsmessungen zeigen in diesem Gebiet durchgehend hohe Knäuelstreckungen und weiterhin, daß das gelöste Polymere die Moleküle des besseren Lösungsmittels nicht bevorzugt anlagert. Dieses Verhalten wird durch die stark assoziierte Struktur des Formamids erklärt, die durch die Gegenwart von Wasser wesentlich geändert wird.
    Notes: Studies have been made on hydroxyethylcellulose in binary mixtures of water/dimethylsulphoxide and water-formamide. Light scattering and viscosity measurements were made in the mixture ranges 0-100% dimethyl sulphoxide Me2SO and 0-80% formamide (vol.-%).For both solvent systems, somewhat anomalous results were obtained. Water and dimethyl sulphoxide are both solvents for hydroxyethyl cellulose. However, light scattering and viscosity results reveal polymer aggregation in the mixtures containing 30-75% dimethyl sulphoxide. This behaviour is a consequence of strong dipole-dipole interactions between water and dimethyl sulphoxide, leading to a solvent structure that greatly diminishes interactions with the polymer. Formamide is a non-solvent (at 25°C.) for hydroxyethyl cellulose, although water-formamide mixtures ( 〈 80% formamide) are thermodynamically good solvents. Light scattering data show uniformily high coil extensions in this range, and also that the solvent environment of the polymer is that of the bulk solvent. Such behaviour is interpreted by the associated structure of pure formamide, which is substantially altered by the presence of water.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 2 (1984), S. 89-94 
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Immunology ; cytotoxic T cells ; lysosomes ; quantitative cytochemistry ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The mechanism of the lysis of target cells by cytotoxic T-cells (Tc) is still obscure; there is no evidence for transfer of material from the Tc and prior to lysis, despite intimate contact, the plasma membranes of both types of cell appear to remain intact. The effects on the target cell lysosomes of brief contact between anti-viral Tc and targets bearing both the appropriate histocompatibility and viral antigens, have been examined cytochemically. Both the distribution of acid phosphatase activity and the percentage bound lysosomal naphthylamidase activity indicated that, in virus-infected target cells exposed to Tc, the lysosomal membranes became totally labilized. Thus the contact between Tc and targets appears to cause sufficient perturbation of the target plasma membrane as to cause the intracellular release of some agent that activates ‘suicide capsule’ lysosomes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 18 (1997), S. 1724-1732 
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Ions ; Organic acids ; Nucleotides ; Steroids ; Estrogens ; Amino acids ; Thiols ; Biogenic amines ; Drug analysis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the analysis of small molecules in clinical research is growing steadily. Initial studies have dealt with separations of standards or compounds in clean matrices. However, later studies dealt with analysis of those compounds in serum, urine or tissues. Great progress has been accomplished in three areas of clinical interest: organic acids, amino acids and drug analysis. The analysis of these compounds by capillary electrophoresis has several distinct advantages: high resolution, simplicity, versatility and especially low operating costs. In many cases, the sample can be injected directly without complex pretreatment. Most of the described methods have been validated for their precision, linearity and accuracy. In forensic toxicology, the CE has been used for drug identification and as a complementary analytical method.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 18 (1997), S. 1836-1841 
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Capillary zone electrophoresis ; Bence-Jones proteinuria ; Agarose electrophoresis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Increased concentration of proteins in urine as well as abnormal patterns are seen in many disorders such as various renal disorders and light chain disease. At the wavelength of 214 nm used for detection of the peptide bond, numerous compounds interfere in the analysis of urinary proteins. We show that either adsorptive filtration with a wash step or cold ethanol precipitation are two methods which can eliminate many of the interferences. The wash step is rapid, greatly reduces the interfering substances, and decreases the effect of sample matrix. Both of these methods yield results comparable to the traditional agarose method. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is faster and more cost-effective than agarose electrophoresis.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 56 (1923), S. 1144-1150 
    ISSN: 0365-9631
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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