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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Photolyse des ZinksulfidsProfessor Robert Schwarz zum 60. Geburtstage gewidmet (1947)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 255 (1947), S. 45-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0372-7874
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird Über Versuche berichtet, die unternommen wurden, die Bedingungen zu studieren, die die Lichtempfindlichkeit des Zinksulfids beeinflussen.Es wird im einzelnen Folgendes festgestellt: 1 Die Belichtungstemperatur besitzt keinen wesentlichen Einfluß auf den Ablauf der Photolysereaktionen.2 Die Kristallstruktur ist entgegen der bisherigen Auffassung ohne wesentliche Bedeutung.3 Lichtempfindlichkeit und Korngrößenverteilung der Präparate gehen parallel, und es lassen sich aus einem Präparat durch Fraktionieren nach der Korngröße verschieden lichtempfindliche Fraktionen gewinnen. Es lassen sich weiterhin durch hydrothermale Synthese aus Zinksulfid reine Blenden herstellen, die dieselbe Lichtempfindlichkeit haben, wie hochgeglühte Präparate mit Wurtzitstruktur.Die Wirkung von Schwermetallzusätzen wird untersucht und auf Grund der von M. BODENSTEIN für die Silberhalogenide entwickelten Anschauungen diskutiert.Abschließend wird Über Versuche berichtet, die den Einfluß der Konzentrationsbedingungen bei der Fällung von reinem ZnS und von Lithopone zum Gegenstand haben.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19472550106
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-taking behavior by cocaine and caffeine
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 48 (1994), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-3057
    Keywords: Caffeine ; Cocaine ; Extinction ; Reinstatement ; Reinstatement of cocaine-taking behavior ; Self-administration
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(94)90519-3
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistence of the ability of amphetamine preexposure to facilitate acquisition of cocaine self-administration
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 47 (1994), S. 203-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-3057
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Cocaine ; Self-administration ; Sensitization
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(94)90132-5
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure of ritanserin to block the discriminative or reinforcing stimulus effects of cocaine
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 48 (1994), S. 473-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-3057
    Keywords: Cocaine ; Drug discrimination ; Locomotor activity ; Ritanserin ; Self-administration
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(94)90555-X
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preexposure to amphetamine and nicotine predisposes rats to self-administer a low dose of cocaine (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 107 (1992), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cocaine ; Amphetamine ; Nicotine ; Self-administration ; Sensitization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The acquisition of low-dose (0.25 mg/kg/infusion) intravenous cocaine self-administration was measured in rats that had received nine daily injections of amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg, IP), nicotine (0.6 mg/kg base weight, SC) or vehicle. For control rats, the acquisition of self-administration was gradual with the number of responses per 2 h daily test session increasing between days 3 and 9. By comparison, rats preexposed with amphetamine and nicotine demonstrated elevated response means during the early days of testing, suggesting more rapid acquisition. All groups eventually reached similar asymptotic levels of responding. The enhanced responding observed during the early days of testing in the rats preexposed with amphetamine and nicotine was due to an increased number of subjects that reliably self-administered cocaine. Thus, the rats preexposed with amphetamine and nicotine seemed predisposed to the reinforcing effects of cocaine. In contrast to the self-administration data, preexposure to nicotine failed to sensitize rats to the locomotor activating effects of cocaine. In fact, the same preexposure regimen appeared to produce tolerance to this effect of cocaine. These data give evidence that different mechanisms may mediate sensitization to the reinforcing and locomotor activating effects of cocaine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245147
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and expression of sensitization to cocaine's reinforcing properties: role of NMDA receptors (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 111 (1993), S. 332-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cocaine ; NMDA ; Sensitization ; Self-administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acquisition of cocaine self-administration (0.125, 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg/infusion) was assessed in rats that had received prior exposure to either saline or amphetamine (2.0 mg/kg). Acquisition of self-administration was dose-dependent, with the highest dose leading to the shortest latency to reliably discriminate between depression of a lever that resulted in drug delivery and an inactive lever. Latency to acquisition of the lever discrimination for rats that had received prior exposure to amphetamine was shorter than for the saline-pretreated counterparts in each cocaine dosage group. This suggests that repeated exposure to this drug prior to self-administration testing sensitized the rats to the reinforcing effects of cocaine. Co-administration of MK-801 (0.25 mg/kg, IP), a non-competitive NMDA antagonist, blocked the ability of chronic exposure to amphetamine to sensitize rats to cocaine. In experienced self-administering rats, acute pretreatment with MK-801 resulted in a loss of discriminative responding. The number of inactive lever responses was consistently higher than the number of active lever responses across all cocaine dosage groups. These data suggest that the NMDA receptor, possibly through interactions with dopamine systems, is critical for both the development and expression of sensitization to cocaine's reinforcing effects produced by intermittent preexposures to amphetamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244949
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre-exposure to amphetamine but not nicotine sensitizes rats to the motor activating effect of cocaine (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 103 (1991), S. 62-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Nicotine ; Cocaine ; Motor activity ; Sensitization ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were pretreated with nine daily injections of eitherd-amphetamine SO4(1.0 mg/kg, 1P), nicotine bitartrate (0.6 mg base/kg, SC) or saline. The motor activating effects of these drugs were measured for 60 min postinjection. On the tenth day, they were given a challenge injection of cocaine HCl (10 mg/kg) or saline and activity was again measured for 60 min postinjection. Both amphetamine and nicotine enhanced motor activity, although the stimulating effect of nicotine was not apparent until the third exposure to the drug. When the response to cocaine was assessed in these pre-exposed rats, only the amphetamine-treated animals were sensitized; they demonstrated a greater cocaine-induced motor activation than their saline-pretreated counterparts. The nicotine pre-exposed rats failed to demonstrate sensitization to the behavioral effect of cocaine; their response was not greater than the rats that had received pre-exposure to saline. These data demonstrate that the response to cocaine can be influenced by prior drug experience and that the influence may be dependent on the neurochemical specificity of the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244075
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of serotonergic manipulations on cocaine self-administration in rats (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 110 (1993), S. 390-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cocaine ; Self-administration ; Serotonin ; 5-HT1A ; Fluxetine ; 8-OH-DPAT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine (0.5 mg/kg/infusion) and were then pretreated with the 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT (0.125, 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg, SC). 8-OH-DPAT pretreatment produced a decrease in reinforced response rates. When the effect of 8-OH-DPAT (0.5 mg/kg, SC) on responding for a range of cocaine doses was assessed, the drug produced a decrease in response rates when lower doses of cocaine served as the reinforcer. Fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, IV), an indirect 5-HT agonist, also reduced reinforced response rates for a low dose infusion of cocaine. Rates of responding for infusions of higher cocaine doses were not affected by fluoxetine pretreatment during an FR1 schedule of reinforcement. When an FR10 schedule of reinforcement was imposed, reinforced response rates for infusions of higher doses of cocaine were also reduced. Thus, under conditions that produce high rates of responding (low dose infusion or high ratio requirements for an infusion) fluoxetine reduced responding. This effect may be due to the effects at the 5-HT1A receptor, since 8-OH-DPAT produced a similar effect on cocaine self-administration. Given that the effects of these 5-HT agonists are observed only when low doses of cocaine serve as the reinforcer or when task demands are high, it is possible that the suppression of responding reflects an effect that is not specific to the reinforcing impact of cocaine. An alternative explanation for these effects incorporates a concept of unit cost/cocaine infusion that allows for direct comparison across studies that employ different reinforcement schedules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244643
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute and repeated exposure to caffeine: effects on reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-taking behavior in rats (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 126 (1996), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cocaine ; Reinstatement ; Caffeine ; Cue exposure ; Extinction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previously, we demonstrated that caffeine dose-dependently reinstated extinguished cocaine-taking behavior in rats. In the present study, we determined whether this effect of caffeine would extinguish with repeated exposures. Rats were first trained to self-administer cocaine intravenously. Once reliable self-administration was obtained, the pumps that delivered cocaine were turned off and the lever-pressing behavior was extinguished. Every 4 days the rats were given an injection of caffeine (20.0 mg/kg) and its ability to reinstate responding was measured. Some rats received each of four exposures to caffeine in the previously cocaine-associated environment. Other rats received the first three exposures to caffeine in the home cage and the last exposure to caffeine in the previously cocaine-associated environment. The results indicated that although caffeine was an effective cue for reinstatement of extinguished cocaine taking, the effect was reduced when repeated exposures occurred in the test environment. In addition, when 4 drug-free days were interspersed between self-administration and reinstatement testing, the caffeine effect was greater than when testing was conducted 1 day following the last self-administration session. Thus, extended withdrawal increases the priming effects of caffeine. The results are discussed in terms of the effectiveness of cue exposure as an adjunct to current therapies for cocaine abuse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246406
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Umlagerung organischer Komplexbildner und Spezifität der Komplexbildung (1960)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 93 (1960), S. 1184-1193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Kondensation von Dicarbonylverbindungen und o-Amino-phenol entstehen zunächst Bis-benzoxazolyle, welche sich unter dem Einfluß von Metallsalzen oder Alkalien in die Hydroxyanile umlagern und Metallkomplexe bilden. Während mit Schwermetallsalzen des Kupfers, Kobalts, Urans, Nickels die Umlagerung und Komplexbildung schon in saurem Medium verläuft, werden Erdalkalikomplexe nur gebildet, wenn vorher die Umlagerung zu den isomeren Hydroxyanilen in alkalischem Medium ausgeführt wird. Mittels IR-Spektren, UV-Spektren und Hydrierungen wird die Oxazolin-Hydroxyanil-Umlagerung einiger Komplexbildner studiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19600930530
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