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  • Chemistry  (3)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2)
  • Colorectal cancer  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening for colorectal cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 43 (2000), S. S78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Screening ; Colorectal cancer ; Immunochemical fecal occult blood test ; Evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Screening for colorectal cancer using a guaiac-based fecal occult blood, or Hemoccult®, test has been demonstrated to reduce colorectal cancer mortality. However, the magnitude of effectiveness is relatively low because of poor sensitivity of the Hemoccult® test. The immunochemical fecal occult blood test has been shown to be much more sensitive than the Hemoccult® test in detecting preclinical colorectal cancer in an asymptomatic population. The purpose of this article is to discuss the validity of the immunochemical fecal occult blood test and the efficacy of a population-based screening program using the test. METHODS: Relevant articles were primarily identified through MEDLINE search. Review was focused on the studies of population screening programs with the immunochemical fecal occult blood test. RESULTS: Sensitivities for colorectal cancer calculated in the same population were reported to be 67 to 89 percent and only 33 to 37 percent for the immunochemical test and Hemoccult® test, respectively. Case-control studies and other observational studies showed that screening programs using the immunochemical fecal occult blood test by hemagglutination reaction would reduce the risk of dying of colorectal cancer by 60 percent or more for those screened annually compared with those unscreened. It was also shown that a screening strategy using the immunochemical fecal occult blood test had the best cost-effectiveness ratio among the methods available. Nearly 5 million persons are currently screened per year in Japan, yielding 0.15 to 0.2 percent colorectal cancer cases among persons with positive fecal occult blood test results. CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest that a screening program with immunochemical fecal occult blood test has promising advantages in terms of effectiveness over programs with the Hemocult® test. More stress is warranted on introduction of immunochemical fecal occult blood testing as a screening test in place of the guaiac fecal occult blood test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02237230
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of rectifying devices with thin films of polyphthalocyanine (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 190 (1989), S. 2693-2701 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Chemically and thermally stable thin films of polyphthalocyanine were prepared by a simple evaporation-polymerization method. The rectifying characteristics of metal/semiconductor/metal (MSM) type sandwich devices with the film were studied. A Schottky type device metal (Cu, Al, Ti)/polyphthalocyanine/Cu shows reproducible rectifying characteristics when Ti is selected as a counter electrode. The reproducibility is improved by pre-oxidation treatment of the surface of Cu substrate. Best electric parameters for the device are as follows: rectifying ratio = 14; threshold potential difference = 0,61 V; saturation current = 2,5 · 10-6 A · cm-2; barrier height = 0,75 eV; diode ideality parameter = 4,23. Doping of five kinds of quinones [p-benzoquinone (p-BQ), tetrabromo-p-benzoquinone (p-TBBQ) tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone (p-TCBQ) tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone (o-TCBQ) 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ)] and 2,5-cyclohexadien-1,4-diylidenedimalodinitrile (TNCR) in thin films of polyphthalocyanine affected electrocharacteristics in some cases. The diode ideality parameter decreases to 2,17 at 0,90 · 10-6 mol · cm-1 of p-TBBQ, and the rectifying ratio increases to about fourteen times by doping p-TBBQ and p-TCBQ. The doped device shows a rectifying response up to 1 kHz.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1989.021901103
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and chitosan (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 18 (1997), S. 547-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Graft copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on a chitosan backbone (PEG-g-chitosan) have been synthesized and their aqueous solution properties were investigated. At pH 6.5 the graft copolymers are 100% soluble, while chitosan phase separates from solution at those conditions. These interesting graft copolymers may be especially suitable as carriers for delivery of anionic drugs, such as proteins, glycosaminoglycans, and DNA plasmids or oligonucleotides.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1997.030180703
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behaviour of the 1025 cm-1 band of SERS spectra due to pyridine on a silver electrode in aqueous halide media (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 24 (1993), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The 1025 cm-1 band which occurs in the SERS of pyridine and halide anion was investigated in detail on a silver electrode in neutral and acidic solution. The 1025 cm-1 band was observed to increase in intensity when the silver electrode was treated with the ORC procedure in the presence of pyridine and halide and the concentration of pyridine was then diluted in neutral solution. On the other hand a band began to appear strongly at 1025 cm-1 when the solution was acidified with HCl after the ORC. It was confirmed that the 1025 cm-1 band appearing on dilution in neutral solution has by the same origin as the 1025 cm-1 band which appeared on acidification. The behaviour of the band can be understood if it is assumed that the species giving rise to the 1025 cm-1 band is a silver-pyridine-halide complex generated by the electrode reaction during the ORC.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250240403
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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