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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton/chloride cotransport in Chara: mechanism of enhanced influx after rapid external acidification (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 163 (1985), S. 411-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chara ; Choride influx ; Cotransport ; pH jump ; Proton motive force
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rapid lowering of the external pH (“pH jump”) enhances Cl− influx in Chara. Experiments were conducted to distinguish between two factors which have previously been proposed to mediate in the response: raised cytoplasmic pH and lowered cytoplasmic Cl− concentration. It is concluded that the latter alternative is more likely because: i) Cl− influx is reduced at high external pH; ii) influx following the pH jump is never greater than that following pretreatment in Cl−-free solution, which reduces cytoplasmic Cl− concentration (“Cl− starvation”); iii) the joint application of pH jump and Cl− starvation does not result in a greater Cl− influx than does Cl− starvation alone; and iv) addition of NH 4 + , which increases cytoplasmic pH, does generate an additional stimulation of Cl− influx following a pH jump. It is suggested that the increased cytoplasmic pH at the end of pretreatment at high external pH decays rapidly during the pH jump, and thus any effect on Cl− influx is so transient as to be undetectable by the methods used. The results are discussed in terms of a reaction kinetic model for 2H+/Cl− cotransport (Sanders, D. and Hansen, U.-P, 1981, J. Member. Biol. 58, 139–153) which describes quantitatively; i) the effects of NH 4 + on Cl− influx in terms involving only a change in cytoplasmic pH; and ii) the combined effects of Cl− starvation and NH 4 + in terms involving only changes in Cl− concentration and cytoplasmic pH. Conversely, the combined effects of Cl− starvation and pH jump cannot be described by the model if the effect of the pH jump is the consequence of increased cytoplasmic pH. The simple interpretation of experiments on whole cells involving manipulation of $$\Delta \bar \mu _{{\text{H}}^ + } $$ (the electrochemical potential difference for protons across the plasma membrane) is questioned in the light of these and previous findings that secondary factors can determine the response of Cl− transport in Chara.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395151
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition and reversal of denervation-induced atrophy by theβ-agonist growth promoter, clenbuterol (1986)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 6 (1986), S. 811-818 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Keywords: muscle ; protein degradation ; clenbuterol ; denervation-induced atrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Dietary administration of the growth promoter, clenbuterol, ameliorated denervation-induced atrophy in rat soleus muscles. In acutely denervated muscles the drug inhibited the appearance of atrophy, and in chronically denervated muscles the atrophy was almost fully reversed. Responses in slow twitch oxidative fibres were particularly marked.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01117104
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propranolol apparently separates the physical and compositional characteristics of muscle growth induced by clenbuterol (1987)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 7 (1987), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Keywords: muscle ; growth ; adrenergic agents ; clenbuterol ; propranolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of propranolol on clenbuterol-induced changes in muscle fibre size and protein content were studied. Propranolol did not inhibit the ability of clenbuterol to stimulate protein accretion but reduced the increase in muscle fibre size. The compositional and physical characteristics of clenbuterol-induced muscle growth thus appeared to be separated by propranolol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01122727
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clenbuterol, a beta agonist, induces growth in innervated and denervated rat soleus muscle via apparently different mechanisms (1987)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 7 (1987), S. 525-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Keywords: rat soleus muscle ; protein turnover ; clenbuterol ; beta agonist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Dietary administration of the anabolic agent, clenbuterol, has already been shown to inhibit or reverse denervation-induced atrophy in rat soleus muscles. We now show that the ameliorative effects of clenbuterol in denervated rat muscles are due principally to a large increase in protein synthesis. This results from both an increase in protein synthetic capacity and a normalised translational efficiency. The responses of innervated and denervated muscles are therefore fundamentally different, the changes in denervated muscles being reminiscent of the classical pleiotypic response of cells to growth factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01116510
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the anabolic agent, clenbuterol, on overloaded rat skeletal muscle (1987)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 7 (1987), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Keywords: compensatory hypertrophy ; muscle ; clenbuterol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The dietary administration of clenbuterol to young male rats has been shown to produce a muscle specific hypertrophic growth response. This paper demonstrates that the combined effect of drug treatment and hypertrophic stimulus induced by tenotomy produced an additive effect on muscle growth. This effect was demonstrated in terms of both muscle composition (protein and RNA) and fibre size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01121878
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The uptake and metabolism of urea by Chara australis: IV. Symport with sodium—A slip model for the high and low affinity systems (1993)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 136 (1993), S. 263-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Sodium ; Urea ; Symport ; Cotransport ; Charophytes ; Slip model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We have previously investigated the electrogenic influx of urea in Chara, and the urea- and sodium-dependent membrane current. We have shown that there is a sodium-stimulated component of urea influx and a urea-stimulated component of sodium influx, and that these are of the same size. We conclude that the electrogenic inward transport of urea, and of its analogues acetamide and acrylamide, is by sodium symport, with a stoichiometric ratio of 1∶1. The kinetics of the fluxes and currents show two different K M values for sodium in different cells and two different kinds of kinetics for the effect of urea on membrane current, one of which fits the Michaelis-Menten equation, while the other shows a maximum and fits the difference of two Michaelis-Menten terms, suggesting a phenomenon like cis-inhibition. Similarities in kinetic characteristics between the inhibitory site and the electrically silent uptake site (System II) lead us to suggest that the same protein may be responsible for both the low-K M, electrogenic influx of urea (System I) and the high-K M, electrically silent influx by System II. We suggest a “slip” model for urea uptake in Chara.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233665
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Qualitative und quantitative Bestimmung von Arsensäure neben arseniger Säure mittels Magnesiummixtur (1910)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 68 (1910), S. 292-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19100680127
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apparatus for simultaneous spectrophotometric and polarographic measurements (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 10 (1968), S. 238-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We have recently constructed a 10-mm, light path quartz cuvet which will accept a Clark oxygen electrode; it is temperature controlled and is suitable for use in a Unicam (Cambridge, England) SP 800 recording spectrophotometer. Several enquiries have prompted this publication, although such an apparatus was mentioned much earlier by Chance and Williams,1 and has been used extensively.Figure 1a, b, c, and d and their legends provide sufficient detail for the construction of the cuvet and provision of the commercially available electrode, quartz faces, stirring motor and disk magnet. Circuit diagrams for temperature control (range 22-38°C., ± 0.2°C.) and stirrer speed control are shown in Figure 2a and b. The cuvet is shown situated in the spectrophotometer cell housing in Figure 3, and the cuvet with its associated equipment is shown in Figure 4.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260100210
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The double yield in the tensile deformation of the polyethylenes (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 1117-1123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Double yields, as well as other complex yielding behavior, that are observed during the tensile deformation of the polyethylenes have been studied in a systematic manner. The conditions under which such yielding is observed were established by studying a set of linear polyethylenes and well-characterized ethylene copolymers of narrow molecular weight and composition distributions. A wide range in crystallinity levels were developed and the rate of deformation and the deformation temperature were varied. These experimental results make clear why such complex yielding processes are not always observed. A qualitative explanation, based on the postulate of a partial melting-recrystallization process during deformation, is given that encompasses all of the experimental data.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760351308
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas treatment in trickle-bed biofilters: Biomass, how much is enough? (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 54 (1997), S. 583-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: trickle-bed biofilter ; mathematical model ; volatile organic compound (VOC) ; waste gas treatment ; biofiltration ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The objective of this article is to define and validate a mathematical model that desribes the physical and biological processes occurring in a trickle-bed air biofilter for waste gas treatment. This model considers a two-phase system, quasi-steady-state processes, uniform bacterial population, and one limiting substrate. The variation of the specific surface area with bacterial growth is included in the model, and its effect on the biofilter performance is analyzed. This analysis leads to the conclusion that excessive accumulation of biomass in the reactor has a negative effect on contaminant removal efficiency. To solve this problem, excess biomass is removed via full media fluidization and backwashing of the biofilter. The backwashing technique is also incorporated in the model as a process variable. Experimental data from the biodegradation of toluene in a pilot system with four packed-bed reactors are used to validate the model. Once the model is calibrated with the estimation of the unknown parameters of the system, it is used to simulate the biofilter performance for different operating conditions. Model predictions are found to be in agreement with experimental data. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 54: 583-594, 1997.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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