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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-property relationship of polyurethane ionomer (1992)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 270 (1992), S. 956-961 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polyurethaneionomer ; DMPA ; neutralization ; mechanicalproperties ; viscoelasticproperties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Polyurethane (PU) ionomers were prepared using various types of polyol (PTAd, PCL, PTMG, and PPG) and isocyanate (MDI, HDI, and IPDI), together with different extender (DMPA) contents, degree of neutralization, and number average molecular weight (M n) of polyol. Modulus (E′), strength (σb), and glass transition temperature (T g) significantly increased with the increased amount of extender and extender neutralization. Among three of the iocyanate used, PU from MDI gave the highest modulus, strength, andT g. With regard to theM n of PTAd (600, 1000, 2000), PU from PTAd 600M n gave the highest modulus, strength, andT g, due probably to the highest hard segment content and phase mixing. On the other hand, PU from PTAd 2000M n gave significantly improved strength over PTAd 1000M n, and the highest elongation. The results were interpreted in terms of soft-segment crystallization, and soft-hard phase separation, which was concluded from the lowered softT g.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00655964
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of ultra low density polyethylenes (PE-ULD) (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 194 (1992), S. 91-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die strukturellen, thermischen, rheologischen und molekularen Eigenschaften von Polyethylen ultraniedriger Dichte (PE-ULD) untersucht. Da PE-ULD hauptsächlich als Modifikator von anderen Polyolefinen verwendet wird, wurde das rheologische Verhalten besonders ausführlich untersucht.
    Notes: Ultra low density polyethylene (PE-ULD), the newest and most recently commercialized member of polyethylene family, has been characterized in terms of structure, thermal and rheological properties, and molecular parameters. Since the prime use of PE-ULD is polyolefin modifier, emphasis is put on the melt rheology of the samples to provide data base for blending with other resins.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1992.051940108
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binary blends of nylons with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers: Morphological, thermal, rheological, and mechanical behavior (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 341-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Binary blends of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers, containing 62 (EVOH-62) and 71 (EVOH-71) mole percent vinyl alcohols, with nylons (nylon-6, nylon-6/12, and nylon-12) have been prepared from melt mixing in a twin screw compounding machine. Morphological, thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties were determined. EVOH-62/nylon-6 and EVOH-71/nylon-6 blends showed homogeneous phase morphologies in the nylon-6-rich region, and fine phase separations (c.a. 2 × 10-7 m) in the EVOH-rich region. Melting point depression, positive deviations in viscosity and flexural modulus, and negative deviation in impact strength from the simple additive rule were generally observed. And the results were possibly interpreted in terms of compatibility and increased nylon/EVOH interactions over the nylon/nylon interactions. On the contrary, clean phase separations in large domains were observed from EVOH-71/nylon-6/12 and EVOH-71 /nylon-12 blends. Fibrillation was also obtained from EVOH rich blends. Probably due to the incompatible nature of these blends, yield at low rate of shear and a mechanical property drop were also observed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760300605
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Waterborne polyurethanes and their properties (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 1095-1104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: waterborne polyurethanes ; ionomers ; PCL ; PTAd ; PMVL ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Anionomer-type waterborne polyurethanes (PUs) were obtained from poly(β-methyl-δ-valerolactone) glycol (PMVL) and isophorone diisocyanate, following a prepolymer mixing process. The soft-hard segment phase separation in response to the variations of composition and structure of PU has been studied from the dynamic mechanical measurements of the emulsion cast films. The structural variation included ionic and hard segment content, molecular weight of NCO-terminated prepolymer, and type and length of the soft segment. It was found that phase separation is more sensitive to the soft segment length, rather than the soft segment content. With only phase separation, the rubbery modulus was significant even with lower hard segment content. Phase separation was much more pronounced with PU from poly(tetramethylene adipate) glycol, rather than from PMVL and poly(caprolactone) © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic structure-property behavior of polyurethane cationomers (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 1983-1989 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyurethane cationomer ; PTAd ; IPDI ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyurethane (PU) cationomers were synthesized from polytetramethylene adipate glycol (PTAd), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and N-methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) according to a prepolymer mixing process. Basic structure-property behavior of the emulsion (obtained by adding water to the ionomer solution) and emulsion cast film was studied with regard to the molecular weight (Mn) of PTAd, MDEA content, degree of neutralization, and extender functionality. Particle size decreased asymptotically with increasing Mn of PTAd due to the increased chain flexibility, and with the degree of neutralization due to the increased hydrophilicity of the PU. Emulsion viscosity generally showed the opposite tendency with particle size dependence. The major transition temperature, corresponding to the glass transition (Tg) of phase mixed PU or hard segment-rich phase of the PU monotonically increased with MDEA content, degree of neutralization, and with increasing extender functionality. However, with increasing Mn of PTAd, Tg first decreased (Mn = 1000) and then increased (Mn = 1500, 2000), due respectively to the increased hard fraction of phase mixed PU, and soft segment crystallization. Tensile strength increased and elongation at break decreased with MDEA content, degree of neutralization, and extender functionality. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080321022
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactive melt blends of nylon with poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 357-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Melt blends of nylon with poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (SMA) were prepared in a twin-screw extruder. Viscoelastic properties of the melt and morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of the blends were determined. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurement indicated reactions between nylon and SMA. Melting peak temperature (Tm) of nylon was not changed in blends. This, together with the FTIR results, assured that the reactions occur mainly with the free amide end groups of nylon. Melt viscosity, elasticity, and the heat-distortion temperature (HDT) of nylon was significantly increased with the addition of SMA. Tensile strength and impact strength of nylon were, respectively, in general, increased and decreased with SMA.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070430214
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Miscible and immiscible blends of ABS with PMMA. II. Mechanical and surface properties (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47 (1993), S. 1581-1587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mechanical and surface properties of injection-molded specimens for miscible and immiscible blends of ABS with PMMA were investigated. Regardless of miscibility, hardness, modulus, and strength of the blends generally showed a smooth variation with composition, with the possible exception of impact strength. In miscible blends, impact strength decreased smoothly with PMMA; however, in immiscible blends, a drastic drop to less than the half that of ABS was obtained at 10 wt % PMMA. Compounding at higher temperature gave decreased modulus and strength and increased impact strength. Surface gloss decreased with PMMA addition in the miscible system and increased in the immiscible system up to 50 wt % PMMA. From contact-angle and FTIR measurements, it is suggested that the surface properties are governed by miscibility and the viscosity ratio of the components. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070470906
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactive extrusion of PP/natural rubber blends (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 56 (1995), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Reactive extrusion of polypropylene (PP)/natural rubber (NR) (90/10) blends was conducted in the presence of a peroxide [1,3-bis(t-butylperoxy)benzene] and coagent (trimethylolpropanetriacrylate, TMPTA). Effects of peroxide and coagent content were studied in terms of melt index (MI), melt viscosity, morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties. At a constant content of the coagent, melt viscosity increased at a low and decreased at a high content of the peroxide. On the other hand, melt viscosity increased monotonically with the coagent concentration at constant peroxide content. The increase and decrease of viscosity were interpreted in terms of crosslinking and chain scission of PP, which governed the rubber domain size and mechanical properties of the reactive blends. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070560214
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aqueous dispersion of polyurethanes containing ionic and nonionic hydrophilic segments (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 54 (1994), S. 1809-1815 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Aqueous polyurethane (PU) dispersions were prepared from isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG), polypropylene glycol (PPG), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) as anionic center. The effects of the PEG/PTAd mixing ratio, type of polyether polyols, and hard segment content on the state of dispersion, surface, dynamic, and tensile properties of emulsion-cast film were determined. With more incorporation of nonionic hydrophilic PEG, particle size of the emulsion and tensile strength of the emulsion-cast film decreased, while the emulsion viscosity and elongation at break increased. Among ether type polyols, PTMG-based PU generally showed superior mechanical properties. With increasing hard segment content, particle size, storage modulus (E′), and tensile strength increased. At the lowest hard segment content (36 wt %) tested in this experiment, soft segments crystallized and water swell decreased. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070541204
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactive extrusion of polyolefin ternary blends (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 2199-2206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Reactive extrusion of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM)/high-density polyethylene (PE) (80/10/10 by weight) blends were carried out using a corotating twin-screw extruder. The effects of peroxide and coagent concentrations and extruder rpm were studied in terms of rheological, morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties of the blends. Melt viscosity of the peroxide-treated blend increased and decreased over the untreated one depending on the amount of a coagent. Morphologically, interfaces blur with only a peroxide treatment, and significant domain reduction was obtained when peroxide and a coagent were used together. Both Tm (crystalline melting temperature) and Tg (glass transition temperature) of PP increased in the blend, whereas those of PE slightly decreased. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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