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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Key words Epidermal growth factor ; Insulin-like growth factor ; Diethylstilbestrol ; Prostate ; Estrogen receptor ; Sexual differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recently, others and we have demonstrated that prenatal exposure to an extremely low dose of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and other estrogenic compounds produces a significant effect on mouse prostate development in vivo and in vitro in the presence and absence of androgen. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which DES produces this effect and determined the role of its estrogenic activity on the growth and branching, induced by DES in the 17-day-old fetal prostate in culture. Additionally, we investigated whether the androgen receptor (AR) plays a role and whether any of the growth factors, namely, EGF and IGF-1 which are known to modulate the estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR)-dependent process, mediate the DES-induced effects. Using the organ culture bioassay of prostate development, we demonstrate that DES enhanced the growth and branching of the prostate at both 0.1 and 0.5 pg/ml dosages, thus, confirming a previous report of ours. An anti-estrogen, ICI164,387 blocked both of the effect of DES, suggesting that both of these two effects are ER dependent. Anti-androgen, flutamide also blocked both branching and prostatic growth induced by DES, while cyproterone acetate blocked only the branching effect, suggesting a role for AR in the DES-induced effects. Depletion of EGF by anti-EGF antibody blocked the DES-induced effects and this was reversed following EGF replacement in the organ culture system. Anti-IGF-1 antibody, on the other hand, only blocked the branching effect, but produced no effect on the prostatic growth, induced by DES. Estrogenic chemicals, bisphenol A and DES enhanced EGF-mRNA level of the cultured prostates. Taken together, it appears that DES-induced prostatic enlargement involves enhancement of ER-dependent EGF and IGF-1 synthesis, mediating prostatic enlargement and androgen action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Distribution study ; Radio tracer ; Metal ions ; Ion-exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Distribution studies of some metal ions have been made on Sn(IV) and Cr(III) arsenophosphates and on some samples of Sn(II) amine hexacyanoferrates(II), using radiotracers. The Kd values of Cs+ and Rb+ have been followed at varying HNO3 concentrations also. As a result 3 useful binary separations have been achieved on Sn(IV) and Cr(III) arsenophosphates, such as Sr2+−Cs+, Hg2+−Ag+ and Hg2+−Zn2+.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 156 (1972), S. 195-206 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die mit dem Redoxsystem Permanganat/Oxalsäure ausgelöste Polymerisation von Methacrylamid unter Stickstoff wurde bei 35 ± 0,2°C untersucht. Die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit ist im Bereich von 5 · 10-3 bis 10 · 10-3 mol · l-1 von der Aktivator(Oxalsäure)-konzentration unabhängig. Hiervon ausgenommen ist der Bereich sehr hoher (über 10 · 10-3 mol·l-1) oder sehr niedriger (unter 5·10-3 mol·l-1) Aktivatorkonzentration. Die Geschwindigkeit ist bis zu 5,87·10-2 mol·l-1 der Monomerkonzentration proportional. Der Katalysatorexponent nimmt von nahezu eins (0,91) bis auf 0,66 mit zunehmender Katalysator-(KMnO4-)konzentration ab, da möglicherweise Primärradikale am Abbruch der wachsenden Kette teilnehmen. Das Zugeben einer starken Säure (H2SO4) innerhalb 5 ·10-4-15 ·10-4 mol· l-1 ergibt einen konstanten pH-Wert von 2,7 und bewirkt keine Änderung der Startgeschwindigkeit. Mit dem Aktivator (H2C2O4 · 2H2O) allein wird im pH-Bereich von 2,7 bis 2,9 ein Optimum beobachtet.Die Startgeschwindigkeit wachst mit zunehmender Polymerisationstemperatur. Die gesamte Aktivierungsenergie berechnet sich im Bereich von 30-50°C aus der Auftragung nach ARRHENIUS zu 15,l kcal·mo1-1.Organische Lösungsmittel (nur solche, die mit Wasscr mischbar sind) vermindern die Startgeschwindigkeit und die maximalc Ausbeute. Geringe Mengen Neutralsalze wie KCl und Na2S04 zeigen jedoch keinen merkbaren Einfluß auf die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit. Aber kleine Mengen Mangansalze (MnS04) konnen die Startgeschwindigkeit erheblich vergrößern. Hohe Konnentrationen von MnS04 brechen die wachsenden Ketten ab. Das Komplexe bildende Na2F2 vermindert die Startgeschwindigkeit und erhoht die maximale Ausbeute. Während der Polymerisation zugefiigter, frischer Katalysator erhöht sowohl die Geschwindigkeit als auch den Umsatz.
    Notes: The polymerization of methacrylamide initiated by potassium permanganate/oxalic acid redox system has been studied at 35 ± 0.2°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The rate of polymerization is independent of the activator (oxalic acid) concentration within the range 5·10-3 to 10·10-3 mole·1-1, except at very high (above 10·10-3 mole·1-1) or at very low (below 5·10-3 mole·1-1) concentrations of the activator. The rate varies linearly at low monomer concentration (up to 5.87·10-2 mole·1-1). The catalyst exponent decreases from nearly unity (0.91) to 0.66 with increase in concentration of the catalyst (KMnO4) probably due to participation of primary radicals in the termination of the growing chain. The addition of strong acid (H2SO4) within the range 5 · 10-4-15 · 10-4 mole · l-1, shows a constant pH of 2.7 resulting in no change in initial rate. With activator alone (H2C2O4 · 2H2O), within the pH range 2.7 to 2.9 an optimum is observed. The initial rate increases with increase in polymerization temperature. The overall energy of activation as calculated from the ARRHENIUS plot has been found to be 15.1 kcal · mole-1 within the temperature range 30-50°C.Organic solvents (water miscible only) depress the initial rate and the maximum conversion. Small amounts of neutral salts (KCl and Na2SO4), however, show no appreciable effect on the polymerization rate, but small amounts of manganous salts (MnSO4) can increase the initial rate to a considerable extent. High concentrations of MnSO4 result in termination of the growing chain. A complexing agent, Na2F2, decreases the initial rate but increases the maximum conversion. Introduction of fresh catalyst at intermediate stages of polymerization increases both the rate of the reaction and the conversion.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 323 (1981), S. 847-849 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermodynamische Untersuchungen an La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Gd(III), Tb(III), Dy(III), Ho(III) und Yb(III)-Chelaten des o-Hydroxynaphthaldehydvalins
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 168 (1973), S. 105-118 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Polymerisation von Methacrylamid, ausgelöst mit einem angesäuerten Bromat/Thioharnstoff-Gemisch unter Stickstoff, wurde bei 35 ± 0,2°C untersucht. In Salzsäure wird Thioharnstoff schneller in Isothioharnstoff umgewandelt als in neutralem oder alkalischem Medium, wobei durch Oxidation aus Isothioharnstoff freie Radikale entstehen. Die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit ist unabhängig von der Aktivator-(Thioharnstoff-)Konzentration im Bereich von (0,4-1,0)·10-2 mol/dm3, ausgenommen bei sehr hoher (1,0·10-2 mol/dm3) oder sehr niedriger (0,4·10-2 mol/dm3) Aktivatorkonzentration. Die Geschwindigkeit ist proportional der Monomerkonzentration bis zu 17,64·10-2 mol/dm3. Der Katalysatorexponent hat im untersuchten Konzentrationsbereich des Katalysators (KBrO3) den Wert 1,1. Das kann mit der Annahme erklärt werden, daß ein wachsendes Zentrum mit einem kettenabbrechenden Reagens zusammenstößt. Zugefügte starke Salzsäure im pH-Bereich 1,75 bis 1,9 ändert nicht die Anfangsgeschwindigkeit; jedoch nimmt der maximale Umsatz allein mit dem Aktivator ab und hat ein Optimum bei pH 1,9. Bis zu 35 ± 0,2°C nehmen mit steigender Temperatur Anfangsgeschwindigkeit und Grenzumsatz zu. Die gesamte Aktivierungsenergie beträgt im Bereich von 25 bis 45°C 18,9 Kcal/mol. Organische, mit Wasser mischbare Lösungsmittel und kleine Zusätze von Neutralsalzen, wie Kaliumchlorid und Natriumsulfat, vermindern die Anfangsgeschwindigkeit und den maximalen Umsatz. Zugefügtes Natriumfluorid ändert die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit nicht sichtbar, im Gegensatz zu zugefügten Fe(III)- und Cu(II)-Salzen.
    Notes: The polymerization of methacrylamide initiated by acidified bromate/thiourea has been studied at 35 ± 0,2°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The rǒle of the acid (HCl) is to convert thiourea to isothiourea with a faster rate in contrast to a neutral or alkaline medium, and thus producing free radicals by oxidation of the latter. The rate of polymerization is independent of the activator (thiourea) concentration within the range of 0,4-1,0 · 10-2 mol/dm3 or very low (0,4 · 10-2 mol/dm3) concentrations of the activator. The rate varies linearly at low monomer concentration (up to 17,64 · 10-2 mol/dm3). The catalyst exponent comes out to be unit (1,1) in the studied range of the catalyst (KBrO3) concentration. This might be due to the collision of an active centre with a chain breaking agent. The addition of a strong acid (HCl) within the pH range of 1,75-1,9 results in no change of the initial rate; the maximum conversion decreases, however, with the activator alone, an optimum being observed at pH 1,9. The initial rate and the limiting conversion increase with the increase in polymerization temperature up to 35 ± 0,2°C. The overall activation energy has been found to be 18,9 Kcal/mol within the temperature range of 25-45°C.Organic solvents (only water miscible) and small amounts of neutral salts (KCl and Na2SO4) depress the initial rate and the maximum conversion. The addition of Na2F2 does not show any variation in the polymerization rate in contrast to Cu- and Fe-Salts.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 165 (1973), S. 205-216 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die mit dem Redoxsystem K2S2O8/Ascorbinsäure ausgelöste Polymerisation von Methacrylsäureamid wurde unter dem Einfluß von atmosphärischem Sauerstoff bei einer Temperatur von 35 plusmn; 0,2°C untersucht. Der molekulare Sauerstoff erhöht die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit. Sie ist im Bereich von 2,83 · 10-3 bis 11,3 · 10-3 mol · l-1 von der Aktivator-(Ascorbinsäure-)Konzentration unabhängig; dies gilt außerhalb des genannten Bereiches nicht mehr. Die Geschwindigkeit ist bis 17,76 · 10-2 mol · l-1 der Monomerkonzentration proportional. In der Geschwindigkeitsgleichung fällt der Exponent des Katalysators mit zunehmender Katalysatorkonzentration von 0,94 auf 0,57 ab, vermutlich weil sich die Primärradikale am Abbruch wachsender Ketten beteiligen. Fügt man eine starke Säure (H2SO4) bis zu einem Anteil von 15 · 10-5 bis 30 · 10-5 mol · l-1 zu, so ändert sich die Anfangsgeschwindigkeit nicht. Mit dem Aktivator (Ascorbinsäure) allein wird ein Optimum im pH-Bereich 2,9 bis 3,5 beobachtet. Die Anfangsgeschwindigkeit und der Umsatz steigen mit wachsender Polymerisationstemperatur. Im Temperaturbereich von 30 bis 45°C ergibt sich die Gesamtaktivierungsenergie der Polymerisation nach ARRHENIUS zu 16,0 kcal · mol-1.Organische, mit Wasser mischbare Lösungsmittel und kleine Mengen von Neutralsalzen (KCl, Na2SO4) vermindern die Anfangsgeschwindigkeit und die Ausbeute. Fügt man geringe Mengen Cu2⊕, Mn2⊕ oder Ag2⊕ (Katalysatoren) m, so steigt die Anfangsgeschwindigkeit, ohne daβ sich der Umsatz merkbar erhöht.
    Notes: The polymerization of methacrylamide initiated by the redox system K2S2O8/ascorbic acid has been studied at 35 ± 0,2°C under the influence of atmospheric oxygen. The molecular oxygen autocatalyses the polymerization rate. The rate of polymerization is independent of the activator (ascorbic acid) concentration within the range 2,83 · 10-3 to 11,3 · 10-3 mol · l-1, this does not hold below or above the given concentration range. The rate varies linearly at low monomer concentration (up to 17,76 · 10-2 mol · l-1). The catalyst exponent decreases from nearly unity (0,94) to 0,57 with increasing concentration of the catalyst probably due to participation of primary radicals in the termination of growing chain. The initial rate is not changed by the addition of a strong acid (H2SO4) within the range 15 · 10-5 to 30 · 10-5 mol · l-1. With the activator (ascorbic acid) alone, an optimum is observed within the pH range 2,9-3,5. The initial rate and the limiting conversion increases with increasing polymerization temperature. The overall energy of activation as calculated from the ARRHENIUS plot has been found to be 16,0 kcal.mol-1 within the temperature range 30-45°C.Organic solvents (water miscible only) and small amounts of neutral salts, (KCl, Na2SO4) depress the initial rate and the maximum conversion. The addition of small amounts of catalysts like Cu2⊕, Mn2⊕, Agoplus; increases the initial rate but no appreciable increase in the limiting conversion is observed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 311 (1969), S. 635-642 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polarographic investigations on complexes of cadmium and lead with adipic acid have been carried out. The present study includes the effects of various parameters such as mercury pressure, temperature, concentration of metal ion, concentration of ligand, pH, surface active substances and viscosity on the waves. The plot of  -  E1/2 vs SCE and  -  log Cx is a curve (Fig. 2) showing the formation of more than one complex. The value of F3(X) is found to be constant (Table 1) which proves that three complexes are formed. Their overall stability constants have been calculated by using DEFORD and HUME'S method [2] and the values habe been found to be β1 = 16.5, β2 = 48.5, β3 = 116 ± 2.Along with this, effect of pH on pK1 (4.43) and pK2 (5.28) of adipic acid has also been investigated. The present work is also an attempt to describe the mechanism of the electrode process involved therein.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 316 (1974), S. 503-506 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complexation behaviour of various metal ions with tyrosine and threonine has been recently investigated in our laboratories [1-2]. However, there is hardly any reference regarding polarographic studies on complex forming ability of tyrosine and hence the present studies were undertaken. This communication deals with detailed investigations on the polarographic behaviour of Ni(II)-tyrosine system in aqueous and mixed solvent media.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Komplexe der o-(N-α-Pyrrolylimino)benzolsulfonsäure und 2-(N-α-Pyrrolylimino)ethansulfonsäure mit Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pd(II), Cd(II), UO22+ und VO2+
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 246-252 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Interaction of the 1:1 Th-EDTA diaquo chelate with lactic, mandelic, o-hydroxy naphthoic acids has been investigated by the potentiometric technique. Formation of the mixed ligand chelate derivatives was indicated above pH 5.5. Equilibrium constants of the reactions have been determined.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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