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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Oat ; Heterodera avenae ; Resistancbreaking pathotype ; Enzymatic polymorphism ; Population genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the present work was to study the genetic characteristics of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) populations re-established after the long-term use of resistant oat cultivars in field conditions. Population features were analyzed through fitness components and variation in enzymatic polymorphism (esterase and malate dehydrogenase loci). The longest (6 year) use of the same resistance genes (oat cv Panema) at high frequency (Rotation IB) led to the selection of a resistance-breaking pathotype and to a decrease in viability which suggested either a founder effect or a lower reproductive potential for the new pathotype. Analysis of esterase allelic frequencies led to the conclusions that: (1) the genetic constitution of this pathotype was different from the reference population maintained on the susceptible host (oat cv Peniarth), and (2) that the esterase locus may develop a disequilibrium linkage with loci involved in virulence Nematodes overcoming the resistance of cv Panema did not differ from H. avenae species following RFLPs in ribosomal DNA . Random mating was recorded at the whole-field level but not always at the single-plant level, suggesting that cultivation practices such as annual ploughing could play a major role in homogenizing subpopulations developed in the vicinity of a plant. These phenomena showed that the long-term use of highly effective resistance could provok marked genetic modifications in populations. These risks should be taken into account when deciding strategies for optimal use of resistance genes in nematode management programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 7 (1961), S. 10-12 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rates of diffusion of helium, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide through alumina pellets were measured at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The cylindrical pellets, ¾ in. diameter and ⅜ in. in length, were prepared from α-alumina particles with a mean pore radius of 65 Å. Surface area and pore volume data indicated that the corresponding mean pore radius of the micro and macropores in the whole pellet was 96 Å.The results showed that Knudsen type of diffusion was the controlling transport process despite the large fraction of void volume in the macropores. Carbon dioxide diffused more rapidly than expected, suggesting the possibility of migration of physically adsorbed molecules along the pore walls.The diffusion rates were about 16% higher than predicted, with a mean pore radius (Wheeler model) based upon the void volume of both micro and macropores used. However there is no logical basis for using this mean pore radius for a pellet having widely separated, micro and macropore size distributions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 2 (1964), S. 447-451 
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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