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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical effect of methyl chloride in relation to its tumorigenicity (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 114 (1988), S. 64-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Methyl chloride-Mice-Rats-Glutathione-S-Transferases ; Formaldehyde dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The biochemical effects of methyl chloride were investigated in tissues of F-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (both sexes). Activities of GST were 2–3 times higher in livers of male B6C3F1 mice, compared with those of female mice, and with rats of both sexes. In kidneys GST activities of (male) mice were about 7 times lower than those found in livers. The activity of FDH was higher in livers of mice (both sexes) than in those of rats. No obvious sex difference was found in livers of rats and mice with respect to FDH. In kidneys, however, (minor) differences in FDH activities occurred between male and female B6C3F1 mice (4.7 vs. 3.1 nmol/min per mg). Sex differences of FDH activity in kidneys were not observed in F-344 rats. The microsomal transformation (by cytochrome P-450) of methyl chloride and S-methyl-L-cysteine to formaldehyde in tissues of B6C3F1 mice occurred preferentially in the liver. More formaldehyde was produced in liver microsomes of male, compared to those of female mice. Kidney microsomes metabolized methyl chloride to formaldehyde much less than liver microsomes. After a single exposure of mice of both sexes to 1000 ppm methyl chloride no elevation in formaldehyde concentrations was observed in livers and kidneys ex vivo. The determination of DNA lesions, using the alkaline elution technique, revealed no DNA-protein crosslinks in kidneys of male B6C3F1 mice after exposure to methyl chloride (1000 ppm, 6 h day-1, 4 days) and gave only minor evidence of singlestrand breaks. Lipid peroxidation (production of TBA reactive material), induced by single exposure to methyl chloride (1000 ppm, 6 h), was very pronounced in livers of male and female mice. Smaller increases in peroxidation were observed in the kidneys of exposed mice. The theory that renal tumors observed in male mice after chronic exposure of the test animals to high (1000 ppm) concentrations of methyl chloride, are evoked by intermediates and in situ produced formaldehyde is proven unlikely by our results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390487
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High performance size exclusion chromatography of poly(organo)phosphazenes (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 39 (1990), S. 1793-1802 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The determination of the molecular weights of polyorganophosphazenes can only be achieved with great care. The nature of the substituents, the proportion of residual chlorine atoms after substitution, and also any traces of hydrolysis can considerably modify the behavior of these polymers in solution and thus lead to erroneous results. In our current research we have been developing a characterization method based on steric exclusion chromatography, coupled with a light scattering detector. We have used columns with styrene-divinylbenzene organic micropacking as the stationary phase and THF with added LiBr (0.1 mol/L) as the eluent. This method has enabled us to establish accurate correlations between molecular weight, hydrodynamic volume, and viscosimetric measurements for polyaryloxyphosphazenes of varying structures and origins. The method also provides results which agree very well with the variables for the preparation of polyphosphazenes, which is based on polycondensation of P-trichloro-N-dichlorophosphoryl monophosphazene Cl3P = N—P(O)Cl2. Finally this method allows us to show that, despite their mineral backbone, these polymers obey Benoit's universal calibration concept.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070390816
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beitrag zur Chemie der Phosphor-Stickstoff-Verbindungen. Reaktion von Cl2(O)P—NH—P(O)Cl2 mit Tetrahydrofuran (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 501 (1983), S. 191-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contribution to the Chemistry of Phosphorus-Nitrogen Compounds. Reaction of Cl2(O)P—NH—P(O)Cl2 with TetrahydrofuranAs well as many phosphorus compounds, the imidodiphosphoryl tetrachloride HN(P(O)Cl2)2 reacts with a large excess of tetrahydrofuran to give the polytetrahydrofuran. Otherwise, if we use smaller molecular ratios THF/HN(P(O)Cl2)2 (1/2 to 3) a polytetrahydrofuran with short chains and N(ω-hydroxypolytetramethylenoxy)imidodiphosphoryl tetrachloride R—N(P(O)Cl2)2; R = H(O(CH2)4)n- are obtained at 22° or 30°C.The 1H and 31P n.m.r. spectra show that oxonium ions are formed with progressive additions of THF to HN(POCl2)2/CCl4 solution. Then two mechanisms have been considered by nucleophilic attack on carbon α of oxonium ion coming from: the free electronic dublett on oxygen of THF to give polytetrahydrofuran or (and) from the nitrogen of imido diphosphoryl tetra chloride anion ((Cl2OP)2N)- to obtain N(ω-hydroxypolytetramethylenoxy)imidodiphosphoryl tetrachloride.
    Notes: Wie im Falle vieler Phosphorverbindungen führt die Reaktion des Imidodiphosphoryltetrachlorids mit einem großen Überschuß Tetrahydrofuran zur Polymerisation des letzteren. Arbeitet man hingegen mit kleinen THF/HN(P(O)Cl2)2 Molverhältnissen (1/2 bis 3), so entsteht bei 22°C bzw. 30°C neben kurzen Poly-THF-Ketten N(ω-hydroxypolytetramethylenoxy)imidodiphosphoryltetrachlorid R—N(P(O)Cl2)2; R = H(O(CH2)4)n-. 1H- und 31P-NMR-Spektren bei stufenweiser Zugabe von THF zu einer HN(P(O)Cl2)2/CCl4-Lösung zeigen, daß sich ein Oxonium-Komplex bildet, der einen nukleophilen Angriff auf das in α-Stellung zum Sauerstoff stehende Kohlenstoffatom durch das Sauerstoffatom des THF oder durch das Stickstoffatom des (N(P(O)Cl2)2)--Anions bewirkt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19835010623
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1H-, 13C-, 19F-, 31P-NMR-Charakterisierung der Produkte der Alkoholyse von Trichlorophosphazen-N-Phosphoryldichlorid durch Trifluoroethanol (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 531 (1985), S. 188-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1H, 13C, 19F, 31P N.M.R. Characterization of the Alcoholysis Products of Trichlorophosphazene-N-phosphoryldichloride by TrifluoroethanolSince polychlorophosphazenes can be obtained by polycondensation of P2NOCl5 the classical substitution of Cl by CF3CH2O in these polymers was transposed to P2NOCl5. The formation of mono, di, or pentaester depends on the molar ratio of the reactants. By reaction of CF3CH2OH on the pentaester a tetrasubstituted derivative of tetrachlorodiphosphorylimid is obtained. All products are characterized by mass spectroscopy and 1H, 13C, 19F, and 31P n.m.r.
    Notes: Da P2NOCl5 als Ausgangsglied einer neuen Polychlorophosphazensynthese dient, wurde hier die übliche CF3CH2O Substitution der Cl-Atome im Polymer auf P2NOCl5 übertragen. Je nach dem Molverhältnis der Reagenzien erhält man den Mono-, Di- oder Pentaester. Bei der Reaktion von CF3CH2OH mit dem Pentaester entsteht ein tetrasubstituiertes Derivat des Tetrachlorodiphosphorylimids. Alle Produkte wurden durch massenspektrometrische Untersuchung und die 1H-, 13C-, 19F- und 31P-NMR-Spektren charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19855311226
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beitrag zur Chemie der Phosphor-Stickstoff-Verbindungen Reaktion von Cl3P=N—P(O)Cl2 mit Tetrahydrofuran (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 489 (1982), S. 204-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contribution to the Chemistry of Phosphorus Nitrogen Compounds. Reaction of Cl3P=N—P(O)Cl2 with TetrahydrofuranAs well as many phosphorus compounds, the trichlorophosphazene phosphoryldichloride Cl3P=N—P(O)Cl2 reacts at 30°C with a large excess of tetrahydrofuran to give the polytetrahydrofuran. Otherwise, if we use higher molecular ratios Cl3P=N—P(O)Cl2/THF (respectively 1/3 and 1) we obtain at 30°C beside polytetrahydrofuran the N chlorobutylimidodiphosphoryltetrachloride. This last compound is the main one obtained at 60°C and is probably formed by rearrangement of the O chlorobutyl isomer.However the formation of small quantities of polytetrahydrofuran chains linked with phosphorus cannot be avoided.
    Notes: Läßt man Trichlorophosphazenphosphoryldichlorid Cl3P=N—P(O)Cl2 bei 30°C mit Tetrahydrofuran in großem Überschuß reagieren, so beobachtet man, wie im Falle vieler Phosphorverbindungen, die Polymerisation des Tetrahydrofurans. Arbeitet man hingegen mit höheren Cl3P=N—P(O)Cl2/THF Molverhältnissen 1/3 bis 1, so bildet sich bei 30°C neben Polytetrahydrofuran N-Chlorobutylimidodiphosphoryltetrachlorid. Bei 60°C ist letzteres im Reaktionsgemisch überwiegend. Es bildet sich vermutlich durch Umlagerung des O-Chlorobutyl-Isomeren. Das Entstehen der am Phosphor gebundenen Polytetrahydrofuranketten kann jedoch nicht ganz vermieden werden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19824890124
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eine Synthese des D-und L-Iso-Iridomyrmecins1) (1958)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 70 (1958), S. 704-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19580702215
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ueber Pentosanbestimmungen (1903)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 36 (1903), S. 1222-1229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.190303601251
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