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  • 1
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: gastrin ; lipo-gastrin derivatives ; cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptor ; molecular modeling ; ligand binding sites ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Double-tailed lipo-tetragastrin derivatives of increasing fatty acid chain length were used to identify the minimum size of the fatty acid moieties (≥C10) that restricts the access to the CCK-B/gastrin (CCK: cholecystokinin) receptor via a membrane-bound pathway. Then dimyristoyl-mercaptoglycerol/maleoyl-gastrin adducts of increasing peptide chain length were synthesized to define the minimal peptide size required for receptor binding affinities comparable to those of underivatized gastrin peptides despite anchorage of the lipid tails in the membrane bilayer. The experimental results indicated that most of the little-gastrin sequence, i.e., 2-17, is needed for optimal interaction of the molecule with the binding cleft of the receptor. From these data experimentally based restraints could be derived for docking of lipo-gastrin onto a CCK-B/gastrin receptor model applying molecular dynamics simulations and energy minimizations. In the receptor-bound state some of the secondary structure elements of gastrin as determined by nmr analysis of gastrin-peptides in low dielectric constant media are retained. The N-terminal gastrin portion interacts in a more or less extended conformation with the receptor surface, and upon a sharp kink at the Ala-Tyr dipeptide portion the C-terminal pentapeptide amide part inserts deeply into the helix bundle. Besides Arg-57 on top of helix 1 of the receptor, for which no potential interaction with the ligand could be detected, the other amino acid residues identified by mutagenesis studies as involved in gastrin recognition were found to interact with the C-terminal portion of gastrin. Even taking into account the strong limitations of such a model system, it represents an interesting tool for rationalizing the experimental results of the extensive structure-function studies performed previously on gastrin and to delineate more precisely the putative ligand binding site on the extracellular face of the receptor. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 41: 799-817, 1997
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 30 (1996), S. 172-181 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ensemble calculations employing restraints developed from 1H-nmr were used to examine the conformational states of the two microcystins LR and LY. Despite the fast “flip-flop” dynamics about the N-methyl-dehydroalanine residue and adjacent residues, the main conformational characteristics of the cyclic heptapeptides consist of a compact ring formed by five of the seven amino acid residues with expulsion of a dipeptide portion out of the plane and the unnatural C20 β-amino acid (2S. 3S. 8S, 9S)-3-amino-9-methoxy-2, 6, 8-trimethyl-10-phenyldeca-4. 6-dienoic acid pointing upward from the ring. This structure of microcystin LR shows high degrees of similarity with the energy-minimized structure of nodularin, a cyclic pentapeptide of identical inhibitory potency against protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. Comparison of these structures with those of the less toxic LY variant and with the structurally unrelated okadaic acid, known as potent inhibitor of the protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, allowed us to propose a rational binding mode of this structural diverse set of natural inhibitors. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 94 (1961), S. 2768-2778 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Synthese neuer Di- und Tripeptide mit C- und N-terminalem Histidin neben Glycin, Alanin, Leucin, Phenylalanin, Serin oder einem weiteren Histidinmolekül wird beschrieben, wobei die Carbodiimid- und die Chlorid-Methode unter Anwendung des Cbo-, Benzyl-, Trityl- und Phthalyl-Restes als Schutzgruppen herangezogen wurden.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 98 (1965), S. 1097-1110 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Olefine reagieren mit Carbamidsäureestern zu N-substituierten Urethanen, aus denen die zugrundeliegenden Isocyanate durch Einwirkung höhersiedender Isocyanate hergestellt werden.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 77 (1994), S. 171-181 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conversion of the conformation of cyclosporin A (CsA) observed in CHCl3 to the receptor-bound state is investigated by two molecular-mechanics methods, template forcing and dynamic forcing. The conformations of CsA in CHCl3 and complexed with LiCl in THF as determined by NMR are used as starting structures. The transition starting from the CsA/CHCl3-derived conformation is hindered by steric interactions of two side chains (MeBmt1 and Val5). While starting with the CsA/LiCl-derived conformation, the conversion is facile. It is illustrated that these calculations, which are of artificial character, using only the starting and final structures of the observed conformational transition during the receptor-binding event, allow an insight into the interactions between the substrates and receptor in terms of an induced fit.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 69 (1986), S. 1748-1756 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Structure of Two Gold Complexes of Triphenylphosnium [Bis(diphenylphosphino)methylide]Triphenylphosphonium [bis(diphenylphosphino)methylide] (1) reacts with 1 or 2 equiv. of (CO)AuCl in a solvent to give mono- or binuclear Au(I) complexes 2 or 3, respectively. The Au-atoms are bound exclusively to P-atoms, and the ylidic C-atom remins an uncoordinated link between the three P-atoms. Contrary to findings with the free ligand 1, 31P-NMR spectra of 3 are in agreement with free P—C bond rotation in solution. 197Au-Mössbauer data for both complexes indicate the presence of Au(I) centers in a very similar environment. X-Ray structure analysis shows that the basic geometry of the free ligand is essentially retained in the complexes. Apart from the different degree of complexation, the structures of 2 and 3 differ only slightly in the conformation of the phenyl rings.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclophane-Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of ([3.3]Paracyclophane)gallium(I) Tetrabromogallate(III)[3.3]Paracyclophane forms 1:1 complexes 2a and 2b with both Ga[GaCl4] and Ga[GaBr4]. The crystalline products obtained from toluene solution at room temperature are much less sensitive to air and moisture than most other arene complexes of Ga(I). Solubilities in standard organic solvents are very low, suggesting coordination polymers. The X-ray diffraction analysis of 2b confirms the presence of a two-dimensional network. Both aromatic rings of each cyclophane molecule are η6-coordinated from the outer side to Ga(I)-atoms. The position of these metal cations is 2.75 Å above the ring centres. The arene rings are parallel within each cyclophane, but tilted by 48.5° with respect to those of the neighbouring cyclophane. The coordination sphere of the Ga(I) centres is completed by two Br-atoms of two GaBr4- anions, which link the Ga(I) cations to give … Ga[GaBr4] Ga[GaBr4]Ga … strands. The double interconnection of the Ga(I)-atoms gives rise to a two-dimensional sheet structure, which is thus different from the structure of the previously described Ga[GaBr4] complex of [2.2]paracyclophane, where a three-dimensional network was observed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 1403-1412 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis, Structure, and Some Reactions of Tris- and Tetrakis(diphenylphosphino)allenesTreatment of the reagent 2, obtained from 1-(diphenylphosphino)-1-propyne (1) and n-BuLi, with Ph2PCl gives high yields of tetrakis(diphenylphosphino)allene (3). On oxidation with H2O2 or Me3SiOOSiMe3, this compound yields the tetraoxide 4a, while with sulfur or selenium the tetrachalcogenides 4b,c are obtained. The allene group is not affected in these processes. In the reaction of 3 with MeLi P - C cleavage occurs to give Ph2PMe and 1,3,3-tris(diphenylphosphino)allenyllithium (5), which is converted into tris(diphenylphosphino)allene (Ph2P)2C=C=CHPPh2 (6) upon hydrolysis. Quaternization with MeI under mild conditions leads to the monoquaternary salts 7 and 8 from 3 and 6, respectively. With excess MeI at higher temperature a phosphonioalkynyl-semiylide salt [(MePh2P)2C-C≡C-PPh2Me]2+ 2 I- (9) is formed from both 3 and 6. The by-product of the P-C cleavage in 3 by MeI is Ph2PMe2+ I-3. - The structures of the allenes 3 and 6 and of the salt 9 have been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The Ph2P groups in 3 adopt a similar conformation as found previously for (Ph2P)2C=CH2, with an opposite orientation of the lone pairs of electrons at phosphorus relative to the allene axis. In 6 a rotamer with an approximately symmetrical (“anti”) orientation of the geminal Ph2P groups is present. 9 is found to be another example of semiylidic quaternary salts with a delocalized ylide function.
    Notes: Das aus 1-(Diphenylphosphino)-1-propin (1) mit n-BuLi erhältliche Reagens Ph2P-C≡C-CH2Li(2) ergibt bei der Behandlung mit Ph2PCl hohe Ausbeuten an Tetrakis(diphenylphosphino)allen (3). Diese Verbindung liefert nach Oxidation mit H2O2 oder Me3SiOOSiMe3 das Tetraoxid 4a, mit Schwefel oder Selen die entsprechenden Tetrachalkogenide 4b,c. Die Allengruppierung wird dabei nicht angegriffen. Durch Umsetzung von 3 mit MeLi kommt es zur Spaltung einer P-C-Bindung. Das neben Ph2PMe gebildete 1,3,3-Tris(diphenylphosphino)allenyllithium (5) kann durch Hydrolyse in (Ph2P)2C=C=CHPPh2 (6) verwandelt werden. Bei schonender Quartärisierung mit MeI entstehen aus 3 und 6 die Monoquartärsalze 7 und 8, mit überschüssigem Reagens bei erhöhter Temperatur dagegen als gemeinsames Produkt das Phosphonioalkinyl-semiylid-Salz [(MePh2P)2C-C≡C-PPh2-Me]2+ 2 I- (9). Nebenprodukt der auch hierbei in 3 eintretenden P-C-Spaltung ist Ph2PMe2+ I-3. - Die Strukturen der Allene 3 und 6 sowie des Salzes 9 wurden durch Röntgenbeugungsanalysen an Einkristallen gesichert. Die Ph2P-Gruppen in 3 besitzen ähnliche Konformationen wie im analogen (Ph2P)2C=CH2 mit jeweils entgegengesetzten Orientierungen der freien Elektronenpaare an den P-Atomen zur Allen-Achse. In 6 ist ein Rotameres mit annähernd symmetrischer (“anti”) Orientierung der geminalen Ph2P-Gruppen vorhanden. 9 ist ein weiteres Beispiel für Semiylid-Quartärsalze mit delokalisierter Ylid-Funktion.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 811-814 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The cationic [3,3-bis(tert-butyl)-2-azoniaallenylidene]pentacarbonyl complexes [(CO)5M(CNC(tBu)2)]⊖ AlBr4⊕ (2) [M=Cr (a), W (b)] which are synthesized by the reaction of (CO)5M-[C(OEt)N=C(tBu)2] (1) with AlBr3, react with tetrahydrofuran via addition of Br⊖ to give the isocyanide complexes (CO)5M-C≡N-C(tBu)2Br (3). Under nitrogen at room temperature, 3b decomposes in solution within ca. two hours to give the binuclear diisocyanide complex [(CO)5W-C≡N]2C(tBu)2 (4b). When the same conditions are applied to solutions of 3b in the presence of oxygen or of galvinoxyl 3b is stable. The structure of 4b was confirmed by an X-ray analysis.
    Notes: Die kationischen [3,3-Bis(tert-butyl)-2-azoniaallenyliden]pentacarbonyl-Komplexe [(CO)5M(CNC(tBu)2)⊖ (2) [M=Cr (a), W (b)] - darstellbar durch Umsetzung von (CO)5M[C(OEt)- N=C(tBu)2] (1) mit AlBr3 - reagieren mit Tetrahydrofuran unter Addition von Br⊕ zu den Isocyanid-Komplexen (CO)5M - C≡N-C(tBu)2Br (3). Bei Raumtemperatur zersetzt sich 3b unter Stickstoff in Lösung innerhalb von ca. zwei Stunden zu dem zweikernigen Diisocyanid-Komplex [(CO)5W-C≡N]2C(tBu)2 (4b), in Gegenwart von Sauerstoff oder von Galvinoxyl ist 3b unter ansonsten gleichen Bedingungen stabil. Die Struktur von 4b wurde durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse gesichert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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