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  • Chemistry  (4)
  • Key words:Methanosarcina barkeri– Pyruvate-utilizing mutant – Methanogenesis – Archaea – Pyruvate fermentation – Acetate fermentation – Growth yields (YCH4) – Ferredoxin – Pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyruvate – a novel substrate for growth and methane formation in Methanosarcina barkeri (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 161 (1994), S. 33-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words:Methanosarcina barkeri– Pyruvate-utilizing mutant – Methanogenesis – Archaea – Pyruvate fermentation – Acetate fermentation – Growth yields (YCH4) – Ferredoxin – Pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Methanosarcina barkeri strain Fusaro was found to grow on pyruvate as sole carbon and energy source after an incubation period of 10 – 12 weeks in the presence of high pyruvate concentrations (100 mM). Growth studies, cell suspension experiments and enzymatic investigations were performed with pyruvate-utilizing M. barkeri. For comparison acetate-adapted cells of M. barkeri were analyzed. 1. Pyruvate-utilizing M. barkeri grew on pyruvate (100 mM) with an initial doubling time of about 25 h (37 °C, pH 6.5) up to cell densities of about 0.8 g cell dry weight/l. The specific growth rate was linearily dependent on the pyruvate concentration up to 100 mM indicating that pyruvate was taken up by passive diffusion. Only CO2 and CH4 were detected as fermentation products. As calculated from fermentation balances pyruvate was converted to CH4 and CO2 according to following equation: Pyruvate−+H++0.5 H2O→1.25 CH4+1.75 CO2. The molar growth yield (YCH4) was about 14 g dry weight cells/mol CH4. In contrast the growth yield (YCH4) of M. barkeri during growth on acetate (Acetate−+H+→CH4+CO2) was about 3 g/mol CH4. 2. Cell suspensions of pyruvate-grown M. barkeri catalyzed the conversion of pyruvate to CH4, CO2 and H2 (5 – 15 nmol pyruvate consumed/min×mg protein). At low cell concentrations (0.5 mg protein/ml) 1 mol pyruvate was converted to 1 mol CH4, 2 mol CO2 and 1 mol H2. At higher cell concentration less H2 and CO2 and more CH4 were formed due to CH4 formation from H2/CO2. The rate of pyruvate conversion was linearily dependent on the pyruvate concentration up to about 30 mM. Cell suspensions of acetate-grown M. barkeri also catalyzed the conversion of 1 mol pyruvate to 1 mol CH4, 2 mol CO2 and 1 mol H2 at similar rates and with similar affinity for pyruvate as pyruvate-grown cells. 3. Cell extracts of both pyruvate-grown and acetate-grown M. barkeri contained pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase. The specific activity in pyruvate-grown cells (0.8 U/mg) was 8-fold higher than in acetate-grown cells (0.1 U/mg). Coenzyme F420 was excluded as primary electron acceptor of pyruvate oxidoreductase. Cell extracts of pyruvate-grown M. barkeri contained carbon monoxide dehydrogenase activity and hydrogenase activity catalyzing the reduction by carbon monoxide and hydrogen of both methylviologen and ferredoxin (from Clostridium). This is the first report on growth of a methanogen on pyruvate as sole carbon and energy source, i.e. on a substrate more complex than acetate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248891
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vergleichende Alkoholbestimmungen (1873)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 7 (1873), S. 228-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.18730070128
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel method for studying the kinetics of surface reactions at submonolayer exposures: Decomposition of acetic acid on palladium foil (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 19 (1992), S. 581-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The experimental set-up for relaxation spectroscopy with a newly constructed time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ToF-MS) is described. The response to single gas pulses is measured with the ToF-MS, which is equipped with a special storing ion source and an electrostatic ion reflector. The gas pulses, with rise and fall times of less than 2 ms, are generated by a solenoid valve in a differentially pumped system. Conventional ToF instruments with ionization by electron pulses detect only a small fraction of the incoming molecules. Therefore our instrument with the storing (integrating) ion source is more sensitive, typically by a factor of 1000. Pulses of deuterated acetic acid (AcOD) with a length of 20 ms are used to produce exposures of 1/1000 monolayer (ML) per pulse on a polycrystalline Pd foil. On clean Pd the formation of CO2 is observed. An activation energy of 0.78 eV and a preexponential factor of 3 × 108 s-1 are derived from the transients in the temperature range between 550 and 650 K. After a total dose of 1 ML of AcOD the CO2 signal ceases and the AcOD signal emerges, yielding an activation energy of 0.44 eV and a pre-exponential factor of 9 × 108 s-1. It is shown that even exposure to small doses of AcOD decreases the efficiency of CO2 formation. After a dose of 2 ML the CO2 formation is completely suppressed. To determine the energy and the pre-exponential factor for the investigated surface reaction, an exposure dose of less than 1/100 ML is sufficient.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.7401901108
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tricyclo[3.1.0.02,6]hexandion (das Valen des o-Benzochinons), Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexan-2,3-dion und Valene eines Chinoxalins, des Phenazins sowie eines BenzophenazinsDie Arbeit wurde vom Fonds der Chemischen Industrie und der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft gefördert. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 100 (1988), S. 1427-1428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19881001036
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchung von CuGaSe2 und CuGaTe2 unter hohem Druck (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 504 (1983), S. 155-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of CuGaSe2 and CuGaTe2 under High PressureThe X-ray powder diffraction analysis at 300 K in dependence on the pressure gives a transition from the chalcopyrite-type to the NaCl structure for CuGaSe2 at 12.5 GPa and for CuGaTe2 at 8 GPa. The phase transition is associated with a discontinuity of the volume of 8.6 and 3.8%. These results were discussed in relation to other tetrahedrally coordinated compounds.
    Notes: Röntgenuntersuchungen bei 300 K in Abhängigkeit vom Druck ergaben, daß CuGaSe2 bei 12,5 GPa und CuGaTe2 bei 8 GPa von der Chalcopyrit-Struktur in die NaCl-Struktur übergehen. Dabei tritt ein Volumensprung von 8,6 bzw. 3,8% auf. Diese Ergebnisse werden im Zusammenhang mit Hochdruckuntersuchungen an anderen tetraedrisch koordinierten Verbindungen diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19835040920
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