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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of production characters in Lolium (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 75 (1987), S. 66-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lolium ; F1 hybrids ; Recombinant inbred lines ; Triple test crosses ; Genotype by environment interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The genetical control of heading date and dry matter production in an ‘F2’ population of Lolium perenne are presented from analyses of triple-test-crosses and basic generations. The data is derived from spaced plant trials at sites in the United Kingdom (UK) and Italy in different years. Despite the wide initial cross between UK bred material and an Italian accession, there was no significant evidence for epistasis, while additive and dominance variation were generally present with partial to complete dominance for all traits. Linear regression onto the environmental means accounted for all the GxE variation for dry matter production in the establishment and aftermath cuts, but not for heading date or the hay cut. The b values measuring responsiveness to the environment were clearly heritable and showed partial dominance. Predictions of the likely performance of recombinant inbred lines and second cycle hybrids were sufficiently promising to support further investigation of these approaches to breeding in this crop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249144
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isozyme procedures for the characterization of germplasm, exemplified by the collection ofLolium perenne L. (1995)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 42 (1995), S. 327-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: electrophoresis ; isozymes ; Lolium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The utility of isozymes for the characterization of genetic resources is widely recognised and routinely applied to many species. For theLolium genus a number of different loci and alleles have been identified and used in the characterization of collections and for allied breeding purposes, however confusion has arisen between different sets of results due to the various technical systems applied. Coupled with this is the problem of identification of the products of specific loci and the common designation of alleles at these loci. The present paper provides a synopsis of electrophoretic procedures utilized in a number of European laboratories for the study ofLolium collections together with a nomenclatural code for identifying specific alleles. The origin of this system involved a comparative assessment of a range of tester genotypes ofL. perenne L. Seed stocks of these plants are being regenerated and will be maintained at the gene banks of INRA, Clermont Ferrand, France, CPRO-DLO, Wageningen, Netherlands and at AFRO-IGER, Aberystwyth, Wales and are available for reference purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02432136
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological differentiation in four species of the genus Lolium (2000)
    Springer
    Genetic resources and crop evolution 47 (2000), S. 247-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5109
    Keywords: cluster analysis ; Lolium ; morphological variation ; principal component analysis ; plant taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Three hundred and sixteen accessions belonging to four species of the genus Lolium were analysed for morphological differentiation following field trials. Principal component analysis (PCA) was shown to explain over 74% of the variation with the date of ear emergence, spike height and flag leaf length and width being responsible for the major differentiation. L. perenne separated into two groups following PCA, cluster analysis and k-means clustering, as a result of floral initiation in the sowing year. Those accessions that did not attain floral initiation until the second year were found to be from northern Europe. The inbreeder L. temulentum was separated from the three outbreeding species, L. perenne, L. multiflorum and L. rigidum, which are themselves distinct from each other although there is some introgression between them, especially between L. multiflorum and L. rigidum. The results are discussed in relation to selection of a core collection of Lolium accessions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008751026645
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic markers and the selection of quantitative traits in forage grasses (1994)
    Springer
    Euphytica 77 (1994), S. 269-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lolium ; genetic map ; QTLs ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Marker assisted selection is based upon the principle that if a gene (or block of genes) is linked to an easily identifiable genetic marker it may be more efficient to select in a breeding programme for the marker than for the trait itself. The recent developments in molecular marker technology has allowed several approaches to be applied to the forage grasses. The most effective methods involve the production of detailed genetic maps which can be used for determination of the location of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs). Application of these methods toLolium has lead to the identification of 10 QTL's affecting mainly phenological characteristics. Up to 80% of the variation in inflorescence production in the establishment year may be accounted for by one region of the genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262641
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular Receptors. Functionalized and chiral macrocyclic polyethers derived from tartaric acidPreliminary communication: [1]. (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 2096-2111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of functionalized and chiral macrocyclic polyethers have been synthesized by condensation of the dithallium alcoholate of (R,R)-(+)-tartaric acid derivatives with α, ω-dihalides. In this way for instance, the tetracarboxylic [18]-O6 macrocycle 3c and its derivatives become readily available. They form complexes with various cationic substrates. NMR. and crystal-structure data provide information about the orientation of the side chains X in 3 with respect to the macrocycle. It is concluded that in the secondary amides like 3b and in their complexes the four X-groups are preferentially in an axial orientation on the average. This property is of much significance for the design of molecular receptors and catalysts based on this macrocyclic structure. The preparation of a number of other macrocycles is also described.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19800630736
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domain motions in bacteriophage T4 lysozyme: A comparison between molecular dynamics and crystallographic data (1998)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 31 (1998), S. 116-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: molecular dynamics ; X-ray crystallography ; essential dynamics ; lysozyme ; hinge bending ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A comparison of a series of extended molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of bacteriophage T4 lysozyme in solvent with X-ray data is presented. Essential dynamics analyses were used to derive collective fluctuations from both the simulated trajectories and a distribution of crystallographic conformations. In both cases the main collective fluctuations describe domain motions. The protein consists of an N- and C-terminal domain connected by a long helix. The analysis of the distribution of crystallographic conformations reveals that the N-terminal helix rotates together with either of these two domains. The main domain fluctuation describes a closure mode of the two domains in which the N-terminal helix rotates concertedly with the C-terminal domain, while the domain fluctuation with second largest amplitude corresponds to a twisting mode of the two domains, with the N-terminal helix rotating concertedly with the N-terminal domain. For the closure mode, the difference in hinge-bending angle between the most open and most closed X-ray structure along this mode is 49 degrees. In the MD simulation that shows the largest fluctuation along this mode, a rotation of 45 degrees was observed. Although the twisting mode has much less freedom than the closure mode in the distribution of crystallographic conformations, experimental results suggest that it might be functionally important. Interestingly, the twisting mode is sampled more extensively in all MD simulations than it is in the distribution of X-ray conformations. Proteins 31:116-127, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy landscape of a native protein: Jumping-among-minima model (1998)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 33 (1998), S. 496-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: energy landscape ; hierarchical conformational substates ; molecular dynamics ; normal mode analysis ; principal component analysis ; jumping-among-minima model ; human lysozyme ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have investigated energy landscape of human lysozyme in its native state by using principal component analysis and a model, jumping-among-minima (JAM) model. These analyses are applied to 1 nsec molecular dynamics trajectory of the protein in water. An assumption embodied in the JAM model allows us to divide protein motions into intra-substate and inter-substate motions. By examining intra-substate motions, it is shown that energy surfaces of individual conformational substates are nearly harmonic and mutually similar. As a result of principal component analysis and JAM model analysis, protein motions are shown to consist of three types of collective modes, multiply hierarchical modes, singly hierarchical modes, and harmonic modes. Multiply hierarchical modes, the number of which accounts only for 0.5% of all modes, dominate contributions to total mean-square atomic fluctuation. Inter-substate motions are observed only in a small-dimensional subspace spanned by the axes of multiplyhierarchical and singly hierarchical modes. Inter-substate motions have two notable time components: faster component seen within 200 psec and slower component. The former involves transitions among the conformational substates of the low-level hierarchy, whereas the latter involves transitions of the higher level substates observed along the first four multiply hierarchical modes. We also discuss dependence of the subspace, which contains conformational substates, on time duration of simulation. Proteins 33:496-517, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model-free methods of analyzing domain motions in proteins from simulation: A comparison of normal mode analysis and molecular dynamics simulation of lysozyme (1997)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 27 (1997), S. 425-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: hinge bending ; hinge axis ; principal component analysis ; essential dynamics ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Model-free methods are introduced to determine quantities pertaining to protein domain motions from normal mode analyses and molecular dynamics simulations. For the normal mode analysis, the methods are based on the assumption that in low frequency modes, domain motions can be well approximated by modes of motion external to the domains. To analyze the molecular dynamics trajectory, a principal component analysis tailored specifically to analyze interdomain motions is applied. A method based on the curl of the atomic displacements is described, which yields a sharp discrimination of domains, and which defines a unique interdomain screw-axis. Hinge axes are defined and classified as twist or closure axes depending on their direction. The methods have been tested on lysozyme. A remarkable correspondence was found between the first normal mode axis and the first principal mode axis, with both axes passing within 3 Å of the alpha-carbon atoms of residues 2, 39, and 56 of human lysozyme, and near the interdomain helix. The axes of the first modes are overwhelmingly closure axes. A lesser degree of correspondence is found for the second modes, but in both cases they are more twist axes than closure axes. Both analyses reveal that the interdomain connections allow only these two degrees of freedom, one more than provided by a pure mechanical hinge. Proteins 27:425-437, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limits on α-helix prediction with neural network models (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 14 (1992), S. 372-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: secondary structure prediction ; input space ; parallel processing ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Using a backpropagation neural network model we have found a limit for secondary structure prediction from local sequence. By including only sequences from whole α-helix and non-α-helixstructures in our training and test sets - sequences spanning boundaries between these two structures were excluded - it was possible to investigate directly the relationship between sequence and structure for α-helix. A group of non-α-helix sequences, that was disrupting overall prediction success, was indistinguishable to the network from α-helix sequences. These sequences were found to occur at regions adjacent to the termini of α-helices with statistical significance, suggesting that potentially longer α-helices are disrupted by global constraints. Some of these regions spanned more than 20 residues. On these whole structure sequences, 10 residues in length, a comparatively high prediction success of 78% with a correlation coefficient of 0.52 was achieved. In addition, the structure of the input space, the distribution of β-sheet in this space, and the effect of segment length were also investigated. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340140306
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Harmonicity and anharmonicity in protein dynamics: A normal mode analysis and principal component analysis (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 23 (1995), S. 177-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Keywords: molecular dynamics ; spectral analysis ; multiple minima ; anharmonicity factor ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A comparison of a normal mode analysis and principal component analysis of a 200-ps molecular dynamics trajectory of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor in vacuum has been made in order to further elucidate the harmonic and anharmonic aspects in the dynamics of proteins. An anharmonicity factor is defined which measures the degree of anharmonicity in the modes, be they principal modes or normal modes, and it is shown that the principal mode system naturally divides into anharmonic modes with peak frequencies below 80 cm-1, and harmonic modes with frequencies above this value. In general the larger the mean-square fluctuation of a principal mode, the greater the degree of anharmonicity in its motion. The anharmonic modes represent only 12% of the total number of variables, but account for 98% of the total mean-square fluctuation. The transitional nature of the anharmonic motion is demonstrated. The results strongly suggest that in a large subspace, the free energy surface, as probed by the simulation, is approximated by a multi-dimensional parabola which is just a resealed version of the parabola corresponding to the harmonic approximation to the conformational energy surface at a single minimum. After 200 ps, the resealing factor, termed the “normal mode resealing factor,” has apparently converged to a value whereby the mean-square fluctuation within the subspace is about twice that predicted by the normal mode analysis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340230207
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