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  • Chemistry  (29)
  • Nuclear Reactions  (2)
  • PACS: 36.40.Cg, 61.46.+w, 76.30.Rn, 82.80.Bg  (1)
  • PACS: 61.80.Jh; 73.61.Cw; 79.70.+q  (1)
Source
Material
Years
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reaction ^2^5Mg(^3He,d)^2^6 Al at 12 MeV
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 108 (1968), S. 547-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Keywords: Nuclear Reactions
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0375-9474(68)90323-0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass and charge distributions of fusion products for ^1^2C + ^1^6O and ^1^6O + ^1^6O
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 263 (1976), S. 511-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Keywords: Nuclear Reactions
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0375-9474(76)90204-9
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic nitrogen in C60:N@C60 (1998)
    Springer
    Applied physics 66 (1998), S. 287-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 36.40.Cg, 61.46.+w, 76.30.Rn, 82.80.Bg
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 60 (atomic nitrogen inside C60) is produced by ion implantation. Two different production methods are employed: Kaufman ion source and glow discharge. After the bombarded material is dissolved in toluene or CS2 and is filtered, several milligrams of C60 containing N@C60 in a concentration of 10-4 to 10-5 are obtained. N@C60 gives a very clear hyperfine-split electron paramagnetic resonance signal. The most prominent features of N@C60 are: (i) Nitrogen in C60 keeps its atomic electronic configuration and occupies the on-center position. (ii) N@C60 is stable at ambient conditions, the thermal instability starts at 260 °C. (iii) The complex survives exohedral addition reactions and is a sensitive detector of cage distortions caused by addends. (iv) C60 and N@C60 exhibit slightly different retention times in column chromatography, thus permitting an enrichment of N@C60 by this method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050668
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrically conducting ion tracks in diamond-like carbon films for field emission (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 69 (1999), S. 239-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.80.Jh; 73.61.Cw; 79.70.+q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Electrically conducting channels in an insulating carbon matrix were produced by 140-MeV Xe ion irradiation. The high local energy deposition of the individual ions along their pathes causes a rearrangement of the carbon atoms and leads to a transformation of the insulating, diamond-like (sp3-bonding) form of carbon into the conducting, graphitic (sp2-bonding) configuration. The conducting ion tracks are clearly seen in the current mapping performed with an atomic force microscope (AFM). These conducting tracks are of possible use in field emission applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050996
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray studies on the crystallinity of celluloseContribution No. 54 from the Laboratory for Cellulose Research, Utrecht. See also page 145, this issue. (1949)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 4 (1949), S. 135-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The method for the evaluation of the percentage crystallinity in cellulose preparations from x-ray intensity measurements, previously described in detail (J. Appl. Phys., in press) is reviewed briefly and new material presented consisting of crystallinity percentages between 8% and 70%. Cotton, flax, and ramie possess equal crystallinity (70%) and so do the majority of rayons, independent of their degree of orientation and including cuprammonium and Lilienfeld rayons. Cellulose acetates saponified under varying conditions also yield almost the same value as rayon (40%). The New product Fiber G (du Pont) holds an exceptional position with 53% crystalline substance. In the series of native celluloses, wood pulp has about 65%, Valonia 65-70%, and bacterial cellulose about 40%. By dry grinding of rayon, a powder was obtained containing only slightly less than 10% crystalline substance, which on recrystallization in water, yields 2 product having the same crystallinity as rayon. The difference between the heats of wetting of the criginal and the recrystallized powder affords additional support of the results obtained.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1949.120040203
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallinity of celluloses after treatment with sodium hydroxide (mercerization)Communication No. 66 from the Laboratory for Cellulose Research of the AKU and Affiliated Companies, Utrecht, Netherlands. (1951)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 6 (1951), S. 533-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The crystallinity of rayons measured with a standardized x-ray method increases from 40 to 50% after previous treatment with 18% sodium hydroxide followed by removal of the alkali with boiling water. If the washing-out of the alkali is carried out at room temperature, or if 4% sodium hydroxide is employed, the increase in crystallinity is smaller. Neither exclusion of oxygen during mercerization nor addition of hydrogen peroxide to the soaking lye has an influence on the final crystallinity. Native celluloses (ramie and wood pulp), after soaking in 18% sodium hydroxide and washing at the boil, yield the same figure of 50% crystallinity. A crystallinity figure of 50% is also obtained upon heterogeneous acid hydrolysis of rayon fibers at 100°C. and in cellulose precipitated from dilute viscose solution at 100°.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1951.120060503
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Change in crystallinity upon heterogeneous acid hydrolysis of cellulose fibersCommunication No. 60 from the Institute for Cellulose Research of the AKU and affiliated Companies, Utrecht, Netherlands. (1949)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 4 (1949), S. 317-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The recently developed x-ray method of crystallinity determination is applied to products of heterogeneous acid hydrolysis of cellulose fibers. Upon treatment of viscose rayon fibers with boiling 2.5 N sulfuric acid, the crystalline fraction is increased from 39 to 49% within half an hour, and remains constant upon prolonged treatment. Ramie does not show any change in percentage crystallinity when subjected to the same treatment. Its crystalline fraction is, however, transformed into cellulose IV. The observed changes in moisture regain of the hydrolyzed products are in line with the x-ray results.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1949.120040307
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray small angle scattering of ramie and rayonsCommunication No. 73 from the Institute for Cellulose Research of the AKU and affiliated Companies. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 433-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The small angle scattering of ramie and of 25 highly oriented rayon samples of widely different prehistory has been examined in both the air-dry and the water-swollen condition with monochromatic radiation in a vacuum camera. All intensity curves are given. For some rayons the curves show distinct maxima or inflection points in either the swollen or the dry condition which seem to be indicative of the existence of a maximum of relatively low intensity superimposed on a normally descending small angle intensity curve. The Bragg spacing corresponding to these maxima lies close to 80 A. for the swollen and to 50 A. for the dry fibers. Other specimens either do not show these superimposed maxima or show only faint indications of their occurrence. The existence of maxima (particularly pronounced in Fortisan, Fiber G, Super Cordura, and Celanese K 36) seems to demonstrate that in some rayons a part of the fiber substance has a micellar structure of unexpectedly high regularity and with average interparticle distances given by the Bragg spacings indicated. The intensity curves of those swollen specimens which did not exhibit a maximum, when evaluated by the Guinier method for dilute systems, assuming parallel cylinders as the basic structure, yield figures between 35-55 A. for the diameter of the cylinders. Evaluation of the intensity curves according to an approximation suggested by Kratky (based on the picture of closely packed lamellae) points to the existence of a preferred spacing of the same order of magnitude (∼40 A.) for the dry and of ∼60 A. for the swollen fibers. No clear correlation between small angle scattering features and other known properties of the rayons has been detected.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120110506
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relative intensities of the crystalline x-ray lines in cellulose fibersCommunication No. 113. (1961)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 50 (1961), S. S10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1961.1205015329
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ein quantitativer vergleich der weitwinkel-röntgenstreuung des celluloseanteiles in gequollenen und trockenen reyonfasern84. Mitteilung aus dem Institut für Cellulose-Forschung der AKU Utrecht (Holland). (1956)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 18 (1956), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Monochromatic X-ray diffraction patterns of rayons in the air dry and water swollen state are compared quantitatively. Taking into account the differaction pattern of water, the evaluation shows that the contribution of the cellulose component is only slightly different in the two cases, even if freshly spun never dried fibers are included. In particular, and in conformity with previous findings of Kratky and Sekora, there is no indication of a difference in the quantity of crystalline cellulose in the swollen and in the dry fibers.
    Notes: Ein quantitativer Vergleich der äquatorialen Streukurven von Röntgenaufnahmen gequollener und lufttrockener Reyonfasern, unter Berücksichtigung der Wasserstreuung, ergibt, daß die Streuung des Celluloseanteiles in beiden Fällen sehr wenig verschieden ist, auch wenn die Fäden in spinnfrischem Zustand untersucht werden. Insbesondere gibt es, in Übereinstimmung mit früheren auf anderem Wege erhaltenen Ergebnissen von Kratky und Sekora, keine Andeutung dafür, daß ein mengenmäßiger Unterschied in dem kristallinen Anteil gequollener und trockener Fasern vorliegt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1956.020180108
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