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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsThauera ; Toluene ; Benzyl alcohol ; Toluene-oxidizing enzyme system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Toluene and related aromatic compounds can be mineralized to CO2 under anoxic conditions. Oxidation requires new dehydrogenase-type enzymes and water as oxygen source, as opposed to the aerobic enzymatic attack by oxygenases, which depends on molecular oxygen. We studied the anaerobic process in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera sp. strain K172. Toluene and a number of its fluoro-, chloro- and methyl-analogues were transformed to benzoate and the respective analogues by whole cells and by cell extracts. The transformation of xylene isomers to methylbenzoate isomers suggests that xylene degradation is similarly initiated by oxidation of one of the methyl groups. Toluene oxidation was strongly, but reversibly inhibited by benzyl alcohol. The in vitro oxidation of the methyl group was coupled to the reduction of nitrate, required glycerol for activity, and was inhibited by oxygen. Cells also contained benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+), benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+), benzoate-CoA ligase (AMP-forming), and benzoyl-CoA reductase (dearomatizing). The toluene-oxidizing activity was induced when cells were grown anaerobically with toluene and also with benzyl alcohol or benzaldehyde, suggesting that benzyl alcohol or benzaldehyde acts as inducer. The other enzymes were similarly active in cells grown with toluene, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, or benzoate. This is the first in vitro study of anaerobic oxidation of an aromatic hydrocarbon and of the whole-cell regulation of the toluene-oxidizing enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsThauera ; Toluene ; Benzyl alcohol ; Benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Toluene and related aromatic compounds are anaerobically degraded by the denitrifying bacterium Thauera sp. strain K172 via oxidation to benzoyl-CoA. The postulated initial step is methylhydroxylation of toluene to benzyl alcohol, which is either a free or enzyme-bound intermediate. Cells grown with toluene or benzyl alcohol contained benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, which is possibly the second enzyme in the proposed pathway. The enzyme was purified from benzyl-alcohol-grown cells and characterized. It has many properties in common with benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase from Acinetobacter and Pseudo-monas species. The enzyme was active as a homotetramer of 160 kDa, with subunits of 40 kDa. It was NAD+-specific, had an alkaline pH optimum, and was inhibited by thiol-blocking agents. No evidence for a bound cofactor was obtained. Various benzyl alcohol analogues served as substrates, whereas non-aromatic alcohols were not oxidized. The N-terminal amino acid sequence indicates that the enzyme belongs to the class of long-chain Zn2+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases, although it appears not to contain a metal ion that can be removed by complexing agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 3 (1974), S. 176-178 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The determination of film thicknesses by XRFA is known from the literature. In most cases these methods are based on a comparison with defined reference films. Together with theoretical considerations a new method is developed, where no reference films are needed. An estimation on the accuracy of this method and measurements used in an energy dispersive system are discussed, and the method is evaluated.
    Notes: Die röntgnfluoreszenzanalytiche Bestimmung der Massenbelegung dünner Schichten ist literaturbekannt. Diese Methoden bauen zumeist auf einem Vergleich mit Proben difinierter. Massenbelegung auf. Es wird von der Theorie her gezeit, wie eine eichprobenfreie Messung möglich ist. Neben einer Abschätzung der mit dieser Methode verbundenen Fehler Werden die Messungen mit einem energiedispersiven Spektrometer und die rechnerische Auswertung behandelt.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 355 (1967), S. 145-151 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Aluminium chloride gives on reduction in pyridine a radical solution whose ESR spectrum indicates spin coupling with two Al, two N and two H nuclei, the latter being protons in 6-position. It is derived that bis-(N-dichloroaluminium)-1,1′,2,2′-tetrahydro-4,4′-bipyridyl is formed, which dissociates into radicals at the C—C linkage between the two dihydropyridyl groups. This suggestion is also based on the formation of the same radical from Cl2AlH and 4,4′-bipyridyl, and on its observed NMR contact shifts.
    Notes: Aluminiumchlorid bildet bei der Reduktion in Pyridin eine (Abb. 1a, b) radikalische Lösung, deren ESR-Spektrum durch die Kopplung des Elektronenspins mit zwei Al-, zwei N- und zwei H-Kernen zu deuten ist. Versuche mit partiell deuterierten Pyridinen zeigen, daß es sich bei den Wasserstoffatomkernen um Protonen in 6-Stellung handeln muß. Die aus diesen Ergebnissen abgeleitete Struktur ist die eines Bis-(N-dichloraluminium)-1,1′,2,2′-tetrahydro-4,4′-bipyridyls, das an der Verknüpfungsstelle zweier Dihydropyridylreste in Radikale zu dissoziieren vermag. Gestützt wird diese Formulierung durch die Addition von Dichloralan Cl2AlH, an 4,4′-Bipyridyl, bei der das gleiche Radikal entsteht. Zur Ergänzung der ESR-Kopplungskonstanten wurden die „paramagnetischen Kontaktverschiebungen“ im NMR-Spektrum gemessen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 14 (1901), S. 207-208 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 17 (1904), S. 1505-1509 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 18 (1905), S. 254-255 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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