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  • Chemistry  (3)
  • aqueous solvation  (1)
  • dielectric  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-9023
    Schlagwort(e): ALOGP ; ALOGS ; aqueous solvation ; atomic constant ; fragmental method ; HLOGP ; HLOGS ; lipophilicity (log P) ; molecular hologram ; solvation free energy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Methods for the calculation of two properties of interest in drug design, namely free energy of aqueous solvation and lipophilicity (log P), using fragmental methods are reviewed here. Though aqueous solvation free energies are commonly estimated using `whole molecule' methods such as GB/SA and AMSOL, we have recently shown that fragmental approaches can offer high quality predictions as well (for molecules of the size of 20 atoms or less). In the case of log P predictions, the more commonly used ALOGP and CLOGP approaches represent the two extremes of the fragmental constant approach: ALOGP uses atom-sized fragments and no correction factors; CLOGP uses larger fragments and correction factors, which are typically obtained for each series of molecules separately. Anew approach (HLOGP) that uses both smaller (atom-sized) and larger fragments is shown to offer better performance than the other two widely used methods for the prediction of lipophilicity. In this approach, an automated `inventory' of fragments (bonded atom combinations) within a molecule, known as molecular hologram, is used as a composite descriptor and it is used in conjunction with partial least squares for the prediction of aqueous solvation or lipophilicity. It is emphasized that these different methods are useful in different types of drug design applications involving small organic molecules.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 5 (1989), S. 313-321 
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Schlagwort(e): protein ; electron transfer ; molecular dynamic simulations ; dielectric ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Electrostatic calculations have been carried out on a number of structural conformers of tuna cytochrome c Conformers were generated using molecular dynamics simulations with a range of solvent simulating, macroscopic dielectric formalisms, and one solvent model that explicitly included solvent water molecules. Structures generated using the lowest dielectric models were relatively tight, with-side chains collapsed on the surface, while those from the higher dielectric modelshad more internal and external fluidity, with surface side chains exploring a fuller range of conformational space. The average structure generated with the explicitly solvated model corresponded most closely with the crystal structure. Individual pK values, overall titration curves, and electrostatic potential surfaces were calculated for average structures and along each simulation. Differences between structural conformers within each simulation give rise to substantial changes in calculated local electrostatic interactions, resulting in pK value fluctuations for individual sites in the protein that very by 0.3-2.0 pK units from the calculated time average. These variations are due to the thermal side chain reorientations that produce fluctuations in charge site separations. Properties like overall titration curves and pH dependent stability are not as sensitive to side chain fluctuations within a simulation, but there are substantial effects between simulation due to markeddifferences in average side chain behavior. These findings underscore the importance of proper dielectric formalism in molecular dynamics simulations when used to generate alternate solution structures from a crystal structure, and suggest that conformers significantly removed from the averagestructure have altered electrostatic properties that may prove important inepisodic protein properties such as catalysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Schlagwort(e): crystallography ; hydroxamate ; high resolution ; metalloproteinase ; zinc ; X-ray ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The X-ray crystal structure of a 19 kDa active fragment of human fibroblast collagenase has been determined by the multiple isomorphous replacement method and refined at 1.56 Å resolution to an R-factor of 17.4%. The current structure includes a bound hydroxamate inhibitor, 88 waters and three metal atoms (two zincs and a calcium). The overall topology of the enzyme, comprised of a five stranded β-sheet and three α-helices, is similar to the thermolysin-like metalloproteinases. There are some important differences between the collagenase and thermolysin families of enzymes. The active site zinc ligands are all histidines (His-218, His-222, and His-228). The presence of a second zinc ion in a structural role is a unique feature of the matrix metalloproteinases. The binding properties of the active site cleft are more dependent on the main chain conformation of the enzyme (and substrate) compared with thermolysin. A mechanism of action for peptide cleavage similar to that of thermolysin is proposed for fibroblast collagenase. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 14 (1992), S. 382-391 
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Schlagwort(e): protein crystallography ; retroviral aspartate proteinases ; avian myeloblastosis associated virus ; enzyme-substrate interactions ; macromolecular modelling ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The structure of the retroviral proteinase from avian myeloblastosisassociated virus (MAV) has been determined and refined at 2.2 Å resolution. This structure is compared with those of homologous proteinases from Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and human immunodeficiency type 1 virus (HIV). Through comparison with the structure of a proteinase-inhibitor complex from HIV, a model of a complex between MAV proteinase and a peptide substrate has been generated. Examination of this model suggests structural basis for the diverse specifications of viral proteinases. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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