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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: monophosphoryl lipid A ; endotoxin ; heat shock protein ; myocardial protection ; infarction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of a new endotoxin analogue, monophosphoryl lipid A (MLA) in a rabbit model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and to show if this protection was mediated via synthesis of 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP 70). Three groups of New Zealand White rabbits underwent 30 min coronary occlusion, followed by 4 hours reperfusion. First group of rabbits (n = 6) were treated with 0.35 ml vehicle (40 % propylene glycol, 10 % ethanol in water). The second and third group of rabbits (n = 6–8) were treated with MLA (35 μg/kg, i.v.) 12 and 24 hours prior to ischemia and reperfusion. MLA treatment either 12 or 24 h prior to ischemia/reperfusion demonstrated significantly reduced infarct size (12.5 ± 1.7 and 14.7 ± 2.1% for 12 and 24 h) when compared with vehicle control (40.4 ± 8.6%, mean ± S.E.M, p 〈 0.05). No significant differences in the infarct size was observed between the 12 and 24 h MLA treated groups. The area at risk was not significantly different between the three groups. Baseline values of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were not significantly different between the control and MLA treated groups. However, the systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure during reperfusion were significantly lower in rabbits treated with MLA. Western blot analysis of the protein extracts of the hearts (n = 2/group) demonstrated no increase in the expression of the inducible form of HSP 70 following treatment with MLA. We conclude that MLA has significant anti-infarct effect in rabbit which is not mediated by the cardioprotective protein HSP 70. The anti-infarct effect of this drug is superior to the reported protective effects of delayed ischemic or heat stress preconditioning. We hypothesize that the pharmacologic preconditioning afforded by MLA is accomplished via a unique pathway that bypasses the usual intracellular signaling pathways which lead to the myocardial protection with the expression of heat shock proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: monophosphoryl lipid A ; endotoxin ; heat shock protein ; myocardial protection ; infarction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of a new endotoxin analogue, monophosphoryl lipid A (MLA) in a rabbit model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and to show if this protection was mediated via synthesis of 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP 70). Three groups of New Zealand White rabbits underwent 30 min coronary occlusion, followed by 4 hours reperfusion. First group of rabbits (n = 6) were treated with 0.35 ml vehicle (40 % propylene glycol, 10% ethanol in water). The second and third group of rabbits (n = 6–8) were treated with MLA (35 μg/kg, i.v.) 12 and 24 hours prior to ischemia and reperfusion. MLA treatment either 12 or 24 h prior to ischemia/reperfusion demonstrated significantly reduced infarct size (12.5 ± 1.7 and 14.7 ± 2.1 % for 12 and 24 h) when compared with vehicle control (40.4 ± 8.6%, mean ± S.E.M, p 〈 0.05). No significant differences in the infarct size was observed between the 12 and 24 h MLA treated groups. The area at risk was not significantly different between the three groups. Baseline values of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were not significantly different between the control and MLA treated groups. However, the systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure during reperfusion were significantly lower in rabbits treated with MLA. Western blot analysis of the protein extracts of the hearts (n = 2/group) demonstrated no increase in the expression of the inducible form of HSP 70 following treatment with MLA. We conclude that MLA has significant anti-infarct effect in rabbit which is not mediated by the cardioprotective protein HSP 70. The anti-infarct effect of this drug is superior to the reported protective effects of delayed ischemic or heat stress preconditioning. We hypothesize that the pharmacologic preconditioning afforded by MLA is accomplished via a unique pathway that bypasses the usual intracellular signaling pathways which lead to the myocardial protection with the expression of heat shock proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 12 (1973), S. 1565-1574 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new method of computing the geometry of a cyclic polymer from internal coordinates is discussed, which is particularly useful if the molecule has a center of inversion symmetry. When applied to the structure of valinomycin, the calculation is reduced to solving one transcendental equation in one variable.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 197 (1931), S. 399-421 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird zuerst eine kurze Zusammenfassung über einige Ergebnisse beim Studieren der Platzwechselreaktionen gemacht. Die Rolle der Ionendeformation als Gitterauflockernder Faktor wird diskutiert, und es wird nachgewiesen, daß der Einfluß auf die Reaktionsfähigkeit des festen Zustandes, der geringen Deformierbarkeit der Anionen der Sauerstoffsäuren wegen, bei Reaktionen mit Halogeniden vie1 größer und leichter zu studieren ist als bei Reaktionen mit Salzen der Sauerstoffsäuren. Mit den letzteren konnte eigentlich nur ein Unterschied zwischen Salzen mit Kationen vom Edelgastypus und vom Nichtedelgastypus unterschieden werden. Die Reaktionsfähig keit der Halogenide ist aber in weit höherem Grad individuell. Ein neues Beispiel von der Regel, daß die Reaktionsfähigkeit einer Verbindung während einer kristallographischen Umwandlung erhöht wird, wird gegeben (BaO + AgJ). Eine Reihe Umsetzungsmessungen bei Reaktionen von Erdalkalioxyden (BaO, CaO) mit Halogeniden von Cu+, Ag+, Tl+, Pb++ und Ni++ werden mitgeteilt und der Zusammenhang zwischen Reaktionsfähigkeit und elektrischer Leitfähigkeit im festen Zustande nachgewiesen und diskutiert; die Rolle der Ionen braucht dabei nicht notwendig eine direkte zu sein. Es wird wahrscheinlich gemacht, daß der Charakter dieser Reaktionen als Ionen- oder Nichtionenreaktionen leichter mit geschmolzenen als mit festen Halogeniden studiert wird.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 1 (1955), S. 74-77 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various laws of corresponding states are examined briefly in this paper to show the corrections that are in common use to increase the accuracy of forecasting compressibility factors. Two trends are noticeable: (I) the use of specific compressibility charts with the results generalized for all gases either by corrections related to z (the compressibility factor at the critical point) or by the use of pseudocritical properties and (2) the use of a true generalized chart based upon averaged data. It is shown that the selection of the plot parameters affects the accuracy of the generalized chart. In recent years reduced parameters based upon kinetic theory have been proposed but for a restricted class of gases (nonpolar gases with spherically symmetrical molecules and negligible quantum effects). It is shown that the kinetic parameters are directly related to the critical constants and also that the kinetic parameter charts can be used for all gases without serious loss of accuracy.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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