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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Penbutolol and molsidomine synergism in angina pectoris. A double blind ergometric trial (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Molsidomine ; penbutolol ; angina pectoris ; angina severity scores ; ergometric tests ; betablocking agents ; pre-load reduction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In order to test the additional efficacy of the combination of a beta blocker (penbutolol 40 mg single dose) with molsidomine (2 mg single dose), a double blind cross-over trial was performed in 30 patients with stable angina pectoris. Stress tests were done before and 1 h after the beta blocker alone and the combination therapy. Some training effect could be detected on comparing results from the first and second days. Combined therapy showed a better response of resting systolic arterial pressure, resting and maximal diastolic pressure, heart rate gain (from rest to maximal effort) and particularly in the angina severity score. All of these variables changed significantly in comparison to the beta blocker alone, 46 out of 60 post-drug ergometric studies were negative; of the 14 positive tests, 11 followed the beta blocker and only 3 the combined therapy. The combination of a preload reducer molsidomine and a beta blocker may be adequate for patients only partially compensated or with cardiomegaly and/or a depressed ejection fraction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02395197
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Penbutolol and molsidomine synergism in angina pectoris. A double blind ergometric trial (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Molsidomine ; penbutolol ; angina pectoris ; angina severity scores ; ergometric tests ; betablocking agents ; pre-load reduction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In order to test the additional efficacy of the combination of a beta blocker (penbutolol 40 mg single dose) with molsidomine (2 mg single dose), a double blind cross-over trial was performed in 30 patients with stable angina pectoris. Stress tests were done before and 1 h after the beta blocker alone and the combination therapy. Some training effect could be detected on comparing results from the first and second days. Combined therapy showed a better response of resting systolic arterial pressure, resting and maximal diastolic pressure, heart rate gain (from rest to maximal effort) and particularly in the angina severity score. All of these variables changed significantly in comparison to the beta blocker alone, 46 out of 60 post-drug ergometric studies were negative; of the 14 positive tests, 11 followed the beta blocker and only 3 the combined therapy. The combination of a preload reducer molsidomine and a beta blocker may be adequate for patients only partially compensated or with cardiomegaly and/or a depressed ejection fraction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553145
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polymerization of epoxides in the presence of tertiary amino alcohols (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 2305-2319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Polymerizations of phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) and the diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A (DGEBA) were initiated with tertiary amino alcohols. The reaction was followed by means of HPLC and IR spectroscopy. The main products isolated from the reaction mixture were identified by using mass spectrometry. The sol fraction and the critical conversion at the gel point were determined for the crosslinking polymerization of DGEBA.Three series of oligomers arise from three initiating centers during the polymerization of PGE. In addition to the amino alcohol - a product of the secondary amine addition to the epoxy group - the phenol arising in the reaction mixture also acts as an initiator. The third oligomer series propagates by an anionic mechanism from a quaternary ammonium base originating from the reaction of PGE with the amino alcohol. Formation of the new initiating centers during the reaction results in a decrease in the molecular weight of the polymer relative to the value predicted from the amount of initiator initially added. The relative content of products of the particular oligomeric series in the reaction mixture depends on temperature and on the concentration of the initiator.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280907
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tube flow of a particulate-filled thermosetting polymer (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 120-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The conservation equations of momentum, energy, and mass are numerically solved for the flow of filled thermosets reacting In a tube. The flow is assumed to be laminar and adiabatic with a constant volumetric flow rate. The critical radii are parameters that define the processability limits. The lower one is the value of the radius where an undesirable advance in the reaction extent takes place at the wall or where viscous heating leads to degradation. The upper critical radius is the radius where wall velocity is low and gelation takes place. The effects of filler volumetric fraction, wall slip velocity, and different inlet conditions are taken into account. Increasing wall slip velocity or filler fraction and decreasing inlet temperature or tube length amplify the processability zone.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760290207
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Curing of thermosetting polymers by an external fluid (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 1521-1526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A theoretical model is proposed for curing thermosetting polymers. The following heat transfer mechanisms are taken into account: convection through the heated fluid-mold interface, conduction through the resin, and heat generated by chemical reaction. To study the influence of the convective heat in the curing step of the polymers, different external heating fluids are considered. Several chemical systems are used in the simulation. The results show that an apoxy requires precise control of thermal runaway. Criteria for processability are established and they provide a cycle time without promoting a damaging exotherm.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760351905
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Citric acid-diethylenetriamine salts as latent curing agents for epoxy resins (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 607-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Citric acid (CA)-diethylenetriamine (DETA) salts (CADETA) were prepared by using a 4.5 : 1 molar ratio of DETA-CA and removing the DETA excess. The structure of CADETA was analyzed by 13C-NMR, IR, and DSC associated with weight loss. One-step formulations consisted on dispersions of CADETA (variable amounts) in an epoxy resin based on diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA, EEW = 185.5 g/eq). The cure was followed in the pressure cell of a DSC (N2 at 2.5 MPa), to avoid volatilization of DETA in the temperature range where decomposition of CADETA and beginning of reaction took place (T 〉 175°C). A very small heat of reaction was observed, (-ΔH) ∼ 10 kJ/eq, resulting from the simultaneous endothermic salt decomposition and exothermic network formation. A stoichiometric formulation showed a Tg = 180°C, i.e., some 60°C higher than the one observed for the usual DGEBA/DETA system.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070450407
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Curing of epoxy resins with citric acid-piperazine salt (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 40 (1996), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Schlagwort(e): latent catalyst ; epoxy ; piperazine ; salts ; citric acid ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Citric acid-piperazine salt was prepared with a molar ratio of acid-piperazine of 2.9. The salt was characterized by thermal calorimetry, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy. The piperazine content in the salt was 52%. A typical formulation was achieved by mixing the salt with the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). The heat of reaction was measured by a calorimeter and the evaluated peak resulted from the simultaneous endothermic salt decomposition and exothermic network formation. The heat of reaction value was -ΔH = 18kJ/eq. for the stoichiometric ratio, and the glass transition temperature, Tg, was 95°C. The heat of reaction evolved and the Tg value of piperazine-epoxy were determined for comparison with the salt-epoxy system.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Curing of diepoxides with tertiary amines: Influence of temperature and initiator concentration on polymerization rate and glass transition temperature (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 967-976 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The cure of an epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), with benzyldimethylamine (BDMA), was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. The kinetics showed a first-order behavior with respect to both epoxy and tertiary amine concentrations and a non-Arrhenius dependence on temperature. An activation energy could be defined only in the low-temperature range, i.e., from 80 to 120°C. Its value (E = 24.2 kJ/mol = 5.8 kcal/mol) indicates a very slight dependence on temperature. The glass transition temperature of epoxy networks decreased with an increase in both the tertiary amine concentration and the cure temperature. These effects are attributed to plastification by the free amine and to the decrease in the average length of polyether chains, which, in turn, increases the number of network defects.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070430514
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