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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chicester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Molecular Recognition 11 (1998), S. 28-31 
    ISSN: 0952-3499
    Keywords: molecular recognition ; solvatochromic parameter ; extraction ; phenobarbital ; solvent ; selectivity ; yield ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The extraction efficiency for organic molecules using synthetic receptors is highly dependent on solvent properties. Solvent influences the partitioning of both the desired compound and the interfering species. Solvent also influences the solubility of the receptor and its affinity for the substrate. Therefore the free energy involved in extraction can be optimized by using a carefully selected solvent. In this paper we demonstrate the use of a solvatochromic model to predict the influence of solvent dipolarity, H-bond acidity and H-bond basicity on selectivity and yield of phenobarbital extraction. We also used this method to estimate the purity and yield of phenobarbital extraction in 12 poly(vinyl chloride) plasticizers and solvents. This approach can be generalized for assisting the selection of optimal solvent and provide insight into the rational design of solvent and receptor for industrial extractions. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 4 (1992), S. 429-437 
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Voltammetric detection ; sine wave potential ; digital filtering ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Voltammetric detection is a potentially powerful method of detection for high performance liquid chromatography and flow injection analysis. A problem that needs a solution is its inferior detection limit compared to that obtained with amperometric detection. The shape of the potential waveform has been investigated in the search for methods of improving the detection limit of voltammetric detection. As a result, large amplitude sine wave potential perturbations have been found to give improved signal-to-noise ratios when compared to the values found for a corresponding triangle waveform (by a factor of from 1.1 to 5). This is principally due to the fact that the background current from a large amplitude triangle perturbation is spread over a wider frequency region. Signal processing techniques such as digital filtering have also been investigated. Digital bandpass filtering can be used to improve the signal to noise ratio by a factor of 2-13. Qualitative information (e.g., half-wave potential) is obtained through observing the phase angle at harmonics of the fundamental frequency.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 3 (1991), S. 941-948 
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Polymeric coating ; perm selectivity ; voltammetry ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Novel solvent systems have been developed for the casting of size exclusion electrode modifications by the phase-inversion process. Solvent systems studied were (solvent/nonsolvent): pyridine/2-octanol, pyridine/cyclohexanol, acetone/2-octanol, tetrahydrofuran/aqueous Mg(ClO4)2, and tetrahydrofuran/toluene. These were compared to modifications made from the solvent system acetone/aqueous Mg(ClO4)2. The membranes were cast onto Pt microelectrodes embedded in glass. Cyclic voltammograms were recorded once per min after immersing the membrane-modified electrode into a solution containing an electroactive species. Modified electrode response time to a concentration perturbation is correlated with the percent nonsolvent and percent polymer in the casting solution. The magnitude of the current from a solution of a 1500 dalton polyethylene glycol ferrocene carboxylate ester solute, and good casting reproducibility. This formulation is recommended for permselective coating applications; applications to biosensors are envisioned.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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