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  • Chemistry  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization of phenanthrene from toluene with carbon dioxide by the GAS process (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 431-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The crystallization of phenanthrene from toluene with carbon dioxide as the antisolvent gas is described. In the GAS process, a pressurized gas is dissolved into a liquid solvent, where it causes a volumetric expansion and lowers the solubility of the solute. Theoretical models are presented for the liquid-phase expansion and the solubility as a function of pressure and temperature. The Nývlt theory for batch crystallization is adapted to predict the pressure profile in the crystallizer needed to maintain a constant supersaturation and growth rate. Generation of seeds is accomplished via a pressure pulse at the saturation pressure. The average particle size of the phenanthrene could be varied from 160 to 540 μm. Creation of seeds doubles the particle size and reduces the coefficient of variation significantly. The residual amount of toluene in the crystals without treatment is approximately 70 ppm. The particles are agglomerates of phenanthrene crystals.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420213
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of gas and liquid distributions in structured packingsPaper presented by R. Stikkelman at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Hannover, September 21 to 23, 1988. (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 12 (1989), S. 445-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study describes the gas and liquid distributions in a column with structured packings. The column is 0.5 m in diameter. It is equipped with a total of 1289 detectors in the top and bottom cross-sections. These detectors provide a detailed picture of the gas and liquid flows through elements of only 25 × 25 mm2. The maldistribution in the gas bulk flow is negligible. Only the observed wall can contribute to malperformance. The gas flows in parallel to sheet orientation, thus introducing a radial transport. Together with the change in the orientation of subsequent packing elements, this results in good gas mixing. It was observed that the liquid wall flow rate decreases when the gas velocity exceeds 1.7 m/s. Up to the loading point, the maldistribution of the liquid is constant. Above this point, the equality of the distribution deteriorates rapidly, due to the occurrence of large-scale liquid segregation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270120164
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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