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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of a core/shell rubber phase on the morphology and the impact resistance of a PC/SAN blend (75/25) (1994)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 613-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: At 75/25 concentration ratio, bisphenol a polycarbonate (PC)/styreneacry-lonitrile copolymer (SAN) blend has poor impact resistance compared to PC/ABS. A rubber phase methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS) of core/shell type was dispersed in PC/SAN blend. The morphology of the unmodified and modified blend was investigated. The influence of the acrylonitrile ratio in the SAN on the microstructure was studied. It clearly shows that core/shell resides at the interface between PC and SAN. It seems that core/shell particles enhance the adhesion between the different phases. Their presence influences the interface mobility; i.e., the coalescence of the dispersed phase observed in pure PC/SAN is considerably reduced when the MBS particles are added. The impact resistance of the samples was correlated with the morphology.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760340802
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of novel modified amorphous poly (ether sulphone)s (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 3171-3182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: high-temperature poly (ether sulphone) ; amine-ended polymer ; maleimide-ended polymer ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New high-temperature amorphous polymers with chlorine, amine, and maleimide chain-ends have been synthesized by nucleophilic polycondensation and fully characterized by 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, and potentiometric titration. From chain-end determination, number average molecular masses were calculated. It was confirmed that transetherification during the synthesis led to a randomized polymer of the monomer residues. For nominally amine-ended polymers obtained by addition of m-aminophenol at the end of the synthesis, a small amount of hydroxyl chain-ends was observed. This is ascribed also to transetherification. Complete reaction of the amine chain-ends with maleic anhydride was demonstrated. Reaction of hydroxyl chain-ends with acetic anhydride was also observed. The thermal stability of these different polymers was investigated; lower thermal stability was observed for amine and maleimide-ended polymers. By two different methods, a Tg around 270d°C was determined for these novel amorphous aromatic polymers. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080321618
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blends of bisphenol a polycarbonate and acrylic polymers. I. A chemical reaction mechanism (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 407-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polycarbonate ; polymethyl methacrylate ; polyglutarimide ; acidolysis ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chemical reaction at high temperature (above 200°C) between PC and PMMA has been very recently highlighted. However, no clear reaction mechanism has been proposed to explain this phenomenon. We suggest a reaction mechanism following two steps. The first step consists of hydrolysis of the ester bonds of the PMMA leading to acid pendant groups. These acids can then either ring close into glutaric anhydride, or acidolyze the carbonate bonds of PC during the second step. At the same time, benzoic acid produced by PC degradation could further react with PMMA or acidolyze the carbonate groups leading to the crosslinking of the system. A satisfactory contact between the reacting units is a key point in the proces. Significant amounts of PC-PMMA copolymer are obtained when the reaction is performed from a miscible system. On the contrary, no reaction occurs during melt mixing. Understanding the process enables us to specify the conditions, in which no chemical reaction takes place. In nonreactive conditions, PC/PMMA blends remain immiscible for several hours at 300°C. The thermodynamic UCST proposed in the literature is just an artifact due to the occurrence of the chemical reaction. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330308
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular characterization of maleic anhydride-functionalized polypropylene (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 829-842 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polypropylene ; β-scission ; melt functionalization ; maleic anhydride ; poly (maleic anhydride) ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This work deals with the molecular characterization of maleic anhydride melt-functionalized polypropylene (PP-g-MA). The functionalization mechanism, the nature, the concentration, and the location of grafted anhydride species onto the polypropylene chain are discussed. The polypropylene functionalization was performed using a pre-heated Brabender Plastograph (190°C, 4 min of mixing time). Several concentrations of maleic anhydride and organic peroxide were used for this study. In those experimental conditions, the organic peroxide undergoes an homolytic rupture and carries out a polypropylene tertiary hydrogen abstraction. The resulting macroradical undergoes a β-scission leading to a radical chain end which reacts with maleic anhydride. When a termination reaction occurs at this first step a succinic type anhydride chain end is obtained. However, oligomerization of maleic anhydride is found to occur more frequently leading to poly (maleic anhydride) chain end. Concentration of both anhydride types and minimal length of the grafted poly (maleic anhydride) were determined. A fraction of maleic anhydride does not react with polypropylene or homopolymerize leading to nongrafted poly (maleic anhydride). © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330509
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functionalized poly(methylphenyl)silane: End group reactivity (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 3047-3051 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: poly(methylphenyl)silane ; copolysilanes ; 29Si-NMR ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Cl ended poly(methylphenyl) silane is synthesized and analyzed by 29Si-NMR spectroscopy. The end groups are extremely reactive with small compounds as alcohols and amines. By this way, copolysilanes containing some nitrogen atoms can be synthesized. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1996.864
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maleic anhydride homopolymerization during melt functionalization of isotactic polypropylene (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 1195-1202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: poly(maleic anhydride) ; polypropylene ; PP-g-MA ; size exclusion chromatography ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The homopolymerization of maleic anhydride was attempted at 190°C, during the melt-functionalization of polypropylene, either with or without organic peroxide using a Brabender plastograph. The free radical homopolymerization of pure maleic anhydride was also attempted either with or without organic peroxide, at 190°C, in vacuum-sealed glass vials. In all cases, free low molecular weight maleic anhydride oligomers were observed by low molecular weight size exclusion chromatography (SEC). This maleic anhydride homopolymerization tends to prove that the ceiling temperature of poly(maleic anhydride) probably lies above the previously published value of 160°C for these specific experimental conditions. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PAmXD,6/PP-g-MA blends. III. Microstructure, blend melt viscosity, and copolymer concentration relationship (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 1313-1327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: microstructure ; PP-g-MA ; PAmXD,6 ; blends ; melt viscosity ; specific interfacial area ; interfacial copolymer concentration ; Brabender torque ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This work deals with the relationship between microstructure, melt viscosity, and copolymer concentration of PAmXD,6/PP-g-MA blends [poly(m-xylylene adipamide)/maleic anhydride functionalized polypropylene]. The blends were processed in a Brabender plastograph at a temperature of 265 ± 5°C and at 45 rpm. The characterization of the microstructure was carried out through SEM analysis after microtome leveling and chemical etching. The melt viscosity of the components and of the blends was measured by the Brabender torque. It was found that the copolymers concentration controls the dimension of the dispersed phase. The composition of the blend (dispersed phase weight percent) has a more limited influence. Variations of the components viscosity ratio during the mixing time have little, if any influence on the dimension of the dispersed phase. A linear relation between the Brabender torque and the specific interfacial area was found. The determination of the copolymer weight fraction leads to the establishment of a close relation between the copolymer concentration and the specific interfacial area. For blends containing from 0 to 7.5 wt % of copolymer, this relation is linear and consequently the concentration of copolymer at the interface is constant at about one copolymer macromolecule per 16 nm2. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 1313-1327, 1997
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molten bisphenol-A polycarbonate-poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends. I. Identification of the reactions (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 3301-3313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper is devoted to the study of the reactions taking place in molten bisphenol-A polycarbonate-poly(ethylene terephthalate) mixtures. The analysis of the reaction products by infrared, proton and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and by thermogravimetric analysis shows that the main reaction is an exchange reaction identical to that occurring in bisphenol-A polycarbonate-poly(butylene terephthalate) mixtures. However, some other reactions consecutive to this exchange reaction also take place, probably resulting from the instability of the ethylene carbonates produced by transesterification.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080241214
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupling of α,ω-dichloropoly(methylphenylsilane) and living poly(styryllithium). Study of the coupling reaction (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 1939-1948 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: poly(methylphenylsilane) ; polystyrene ; block copolymers ; morphology ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Both di- and triblock copolymers consisting of polystyrene (PS) in conjunction with poly(methylphenylsilane) (PMPS) have been successfully prepared by coupling of α,ω-dichloro-PMPS with poly(styryllithium). The study of this reaction has shown a sudden limitation of the coupling yield, which however depends on the PS block length. Both the polymer concentration and the solvent have also an effect on the coupling reaction. Morphology of the PS-PMPS block copolymers has been observed by transmission electron microscopy. Very complex morphologies have been reported more likely as the result of the competition between the phase separation induced by PS and PMPS immiscibility and the tendency of PMPS to form ordered structures. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 1939-1948, 1997
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molten bisphenol-A polycarbonate - poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends. II. Kinetics of the exchange reaction. (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 3315-3324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetic aspects of the bisphenol-A polycarbonate-polyethylene terephthalate exchange reaction are studied. Though the overall mechanism of transesterification is reversible, the kinetics can be treated from a more simple model of two consecutive reactions, due to the decomposition of the alkyl carbonate formed. The values of the kinetic parameters, similar to those obtained for the bisphenol-A polycarbonate-polybutylene terephthalate transesterification, suggest that the most likely mechanism is a direct ester-ester interchange reaction which can also be catalyzed by additives such as titanium derivatives.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080241215
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