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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer compatibility and biodegradation of starch-poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid)-polyethylene blendsThe mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 1971-1978 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: X-ray diffraction, CP/MAS C-13 NMR, DSC, FTIR and fluorescence microscopy have been used to study the structure, compatibility, and morphology of films made from starch, poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA), and polyethylene (PE) before and after exposure to a mixture of highly amylolytic bacteria. The components of starch, amylose and amylopectin, interact with EAA via the formation of V-type inclusion complexes and hydrogen bonds. PE appears to be immiscible with the starch-EAA complex, with each forming sheetlike domains. The amylopectin in the films is susceptible to digestion by the bacterial consortium while the crystalline EAA-amylose complex is resistant. Digestion begins at the film surface and then proceeds inwards with sheetlike areas of starch removed. The good compatibility between starch and EAA as well as migration of EAA to the film surface explains the resistance of such films to digestion by conventional amylases.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070441112
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrophilic foams containing corn products for horticultural useThe mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 51 (1994), S. 1311-1317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyurethane foams containing equal amounts of commercial unmodified cornstarch and a polyisocyanate-terminated polyether exhibit properties suitable for horticultural applications. The use of cornstarch in the foam formulation increased the volume by one-fourth as compared to the foam without cornstarch. This volume increase represents an economic advantage of 20% savings based on material cost. When cornstarch or corn flour is added to the foam formulation, the foams are more resistant to compressive force. Upon wetting and draining, the foams prepared with no auxiliary blowing agent and containing corn products exhibit higher volumes than do the unfilled foams. Radish seeds planted inside 25 mm cubes of foams began to sprout after 1 day. Early developmental growth for the plants was similar in the control and cornstarch-filled foams. Spectroscopic analyses of the starch-containing foams revealed that 60-70% of the cornstarch was metabolized within 4-5 weeks by a microbial consortium. Control polyurethane foams were not affected by the microorganisms tested. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070510718
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complexes of starch polysaccharides and poly(ethylene co-acrylic acid): Structural characterization in the solid state (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 2279-2286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The structural characterization of model complexes of amylose (AM) and amylopectin (AP) with poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA) was undertaken in order to better understand the interactions that occur between the polysaccharides and EAA in starch-EAA-polyethylene films. X-ray diffraction and CP/MAS 13C-NMR studies showed that precipitates from solution mixtures of AM and EAA form crystalline, helical V -type inclusion complexes. The proportion of AM forming the V -type complex in the EAA/AM blends, estimated from shifts in the C1 resonance of AM, increased with increasing EAA/AM ratio, reaching a value of about 80% at EAA/AM = 0.5 (w/w). Similar measurements for EAA/AP complexes showed 〈 10% V structure. Approximately 80% of the AM and 4% of the AP in these blends was resistant to amylase digestion, in good agreement with their V -structure contents as determined above. Resonances at 184 and 181 ppm were observed for the carboxyl carbon of EAA in the EAA/AM and EAA/AP complexes. The resonance at 181 ppm, which was not observed in pure EAA, probably reflects greater shielding of the carboxyl inside the polysaccharide helix as well as changes in hydrogen bonding. The intensity of this peak was 2-3 times larger for the EAA/AM than for the EAA/AP complexes. FTIR experiments suggest that most (〉 50%) of the EAA carboxyl groups were hydrogen bonded to polysaccharide hydroxyl groups in both AM and AP complexes when EAA/polysaccharide 〈 1.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420819
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shear modulus in closely packed gel suspensions (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4377-4386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Rheological properties and swelling were examined in a series of concentrations of particles of crosslinked polyacrylate gels in water or salt solutions. The modulus during steady shear Gs = 2τ2/P11-P22 was determined from shear stress τ and primary normal force difference P11-P22 in a cone-and-plate rheometer. Gs was nearly constant with shear rate for the gel particles in the closely packed condition. The dynamic storage modulus G′ determined by ecentric rotating disc rheometry increased with increasing frequency for all concentrations. The apparent equilibrium shear modulus Ge determined by stress relaxation agreed closely at all concentrations and ionic strengths with the corresponding values of Gs, and hence Gs is considered a good estimate of equilibrium shear modulus for this gel material.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271127
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of lux genes in applied biochemistry (1994)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence 9 (1994), S. 211-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0884-3996
    Keywords: Bioluminescence ; autoinducer ; luciferase ; lux ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bioluminescence has emerged in the last decade as a major tool for the study of bacterial adaptation and survival. In addition to the advantages of sensitivity and the real-time, non-invasive nature of this reporter, the imaging potntial of using low-light and photon-counting video cameras has been particularly influential in establishing its ascendancy over more traditional reporter systems. This review provides a reflection of personal activity in this field through applications in Food Microbiology and collaboration with colleagues both in the UK and beyond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bio.1170090315
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Makrolide. Neuere Fortschritte ihrer Chemie und BiochemieProfessor Robert B. Woodward zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1977)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 89 (1977), S. 602-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In den letzten Jahren haben sich Chemie und Biochemie der Makrolide eindrucksvoll weiterentwickelt. In dieser Übersicht ist versucht worden, die wesentlichen Arbeiten auf den Gebieten der Strukturermittlung, der chemischen Synthese, der Biochemie und der antimikrobiellen Aktivität vor allem der Polyoxomakrolid-Antibiotica zusammenzufassen. Im Vordergrund stehen dabei die Fortschritte der Makrolid-Synthese.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19770890906
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macrolides. Recent Progress in Chemistry and BiochemistryDedicated to Professor R. B. Woodward on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1977)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 16 (1977), S. 585-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Macrolides ; Antibiotics ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The progress of macrolide chemistry and biochemistry over the past several years has indeed been remarkable. This review attempts to cover the important contributions which have been made in the fields of structural and synthetic chemistry as well as in the biosynthesis and mode of antimicrobial activity of the “polyoxo” macrolide antibiotics. Emphasis has been placed on the recent synthetic achievements in this field.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.197705851
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