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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractal-like behavior of a mass-transport process (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 2187-2193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: After an aqueous solution containing Sr2+ was flowed through a bed packed with particles of activated charcoal for a very long time, the flow was abruptly switched to deionized water. The variation in ionic concentration at the outlet with time was characterized by the power law, Cout ∼ t-α, for sufficiently large t. This fractal-like behavior we reported previously has further been studied theoretically and experimentally. A major concern is to examine dependency of α on experimental conditions. Adsorption sites predominate over dead-end pores or spaces as “trappers” in our case where Sr2+ or Ba2+ is adsorbed on activated charcoal. The experimental results can well be explained by our theoretical model. It has been found, however, that the response curve for Sr2+ deviates from the power law after a very long time. This deviation can be explained by introducing the assumption that there exists a maximum value of the activation energy for the desorption process. The curve for Ba2+, on the other hand, exhibits no such deviation until Cout decreases to the detection limit of the analytical device used.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430905
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractal-like behavior observed for a mass-transport process (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1667-1670 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381018
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioaffinity separation of trypsin using trypsin inhibitor immobilized in reverse micelles composed of a nonionic surfactant (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 53 (1997), S. 406-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: bioaffinity separation ; reverse micelles ; trypsin-trypsin inhibitor ; nonionic surfactant ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Trypsin inhibitor was converted to hydrophobic states by covalently combining cholesteryl groups using an acylation reaction, and was immobilized in reverse micelles composed of a nonionic surfactant. Using this reverse micellar phase containing trypsin inhibitor as an affinity ligand, trypsin was selectively separated with high recoveries from a mixture of several kinds of contaminating proteins by forward and backward extraction. No loss of activity of the recovered trypsin was observed through these operations. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 53: 406-408, 1997.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective separation of trypsin from pancreatin using bioaffinity in reverse micellar system composed of a nonionic surfactant (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 58 (1998), S. 649-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: bioaffinity separation ; pancreatin ; trypsin ; reverse micelles ; nonionic surfactant ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Selective separation of trypsin from a mixture involving many kinds of contaminating proteins, i.e., pancreatin, was achieved using trypsin inhibitor immobilized in the reverse micelles, which were composed of a nonionic surfactant, tetra-oxyethylene monodecylether. To determine the efficient operations throughout the whole separation process we examined the operating conditions, which affect the immobilization efficiency of trypsin inhibitor and also the forward and backward extractions of trypsin. Fifty percent of the recovery of trypsin from pancreatin was realized with no loss of activity of the recovered trypsin. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 58: 649-653, 1998.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous flow operation in emulsion polymerization of styrene (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 15 (1971), S. 675-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of continuous emulsion polymerization of styrene were studied theoretically on the basis of the authors' batch reaction model, and a new reaction model was proposed for continuous operation. The validity of the model was tested by experiments conducted with stirred tank reactors in series. The characteristics of the first reactor used to generate polymer particles were studied in particular detail. It was found that there was an optimum residence time for the first reactor, the value of which was quantitatively predictable from the operating variables. The most suitable combinations of several types of reactors for continuous emulsion polymerization are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1971.070150313
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate of emulsion polymerization of styrene (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 811-833 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In emulsion polymerization, the Smith and Ewart theory gives about two or three times the number of polymer particles obtained by experiment. In this paper, a reaction model is proposed which, from the standpoint of reactor design, can give an adequate explanation of the whole course of an emulsion polymerization of monomer highly insoluble in water. Among other things, the generating process of polymer particles is examined in detail. It is demonstrated experimentally that a new parameter proposed here, which represents the degree of difficulty of monomer initiation in micelles, is indispensable in explaining that process. Also confirmed is that monomer initiation takes place more easily in polymer particles than in micelles. According to the new model, the progress of polymerization, i.e., monomer conversion, the number of the polymer particles, and properties of polymer thus produced can be estimated with satisfactory accuracy. Furthermore, approximate equations are derived for easier estimation.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070160402
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate coefficient for radical desorption in emulsion polymerization (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 17-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Investigators have proposed the rate coefficient for radical desorption from polymer particles to explain the kinetic deviation of the emulsion polymerization of water-soluble monomers such as vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride from the classical Smith and Ewart theory.6 In this article, the rate coefficient for radical desorption is theoretically derived by a different approach, and its applicability to vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride emulsion polymerization is examined in detail using experimental data available in the literature. The theory developed here predicts the average number of radicals per polymer particle in the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260103
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of stirring on the emulsion polymerization of styrene (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 835-847 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The purpose of this paper is to clarify the effect of stirring on the course of emulsion polymerization of, for example, styrene. It establishes the existence of an optimum range of stirring speed and three important factors which must be considered in carrying out emulsion polymerization. (1) Stirring significantly affects the course of reaction in the presence of an imperfectly purified nitrogen atmosphere. Consequently, the number of polymer particles produced and the polymerization rate per particle will be affected. (2) At higher stirring speeds, polymer particles coagulate and coalesce. At lower stirring speeds, the reaction rate is controlled by the monomer transport rate from monomer droplets to the aqueous phase. (3) Stirring contributes to the reduction of the number of micelles because emulsifier molecules are adsorbed onto the surfaces of monomer droplets finely dispersed by the stirring. At low emulsifier concentrations near the critical micelle concentration, this effect cannot be neglected.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070160403
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