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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XPS and UPS examinations of the formation of passive layers on Ni in 1 M sodium hydroxide and 0.5 M sulphuric acid (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 14 (1989), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The passivation of nickel has been studied in 1 M NaOH and 0.5 M H2SO4 by XPS. An electrochemical specimen preparation and transfer to an ultra-high vacuum, without contact with oxygen, permits a detailed examination of the oxide growth with potential and time resolution. Quantitative evaluation of the data yields values for the thickness of the partial layers of the duplex film structure. The Ni/NiO/Ni(OH)2 sequence for the passive range and Ni/NiO/NiOOH sequence for the transpassive range in alkaline solutions have been confirmed by a detailed peak analysis, including angular-dependent XPS measurements. These results are closely related to the polarization curves. An interpretation is given on the basis of a simple semiconductor model involving the results of UPS and work function measurements. The data of the acidic and the alkaline electrolytes are related to each other and their differences are explained by the increased solubility for low pH of the outer Ni(OH)2 and NiOOH layers, respectively. These properties cause thinner films in acidic electrolytes and prevent the formation of a stable NiOOH overlayer for these conditions.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740140305
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined surface analytical and electrochemical study of the formation of passive layers on Fe/Cr alloys in 1 M NaOH (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 21 (1994), S. 514-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Combined XPS and electrochemical studies of the passivation of Fe/Cr alloys have been performed in 1 M NaOH. Argon ion sputtering and a specimen transfer within a closed system provide a reliable situation with well-controlled starting conditions for passivation transients and surface analytical studies with sufficient time resolution, especially at negative electrode potentials. The results for Fe/Cr are discussed on the basis of previous studies with the pure elements. The extremely slow dissolution of Cr(III) oxide and its relatively negative formation potential are responsible for the excellent passive behaviour of these alloys. Chromium(III) stabilizes Fe(II) and Fe(III) within the passive layer. Any Cr(III) enrichment is a consequence of preferential Fe dissolution. In 1 M NaOH the reduced solubility of Fe(III) oxide leads to an overlayer consisting mainly of Fe(III)oxide/hydroxide. The formation and oxidation of Fe(II) follows similar characteristics as found for oxide films on pure iron. Iron oxide components may, however, not be reduced to metal, as in the case of passive layers on pure Fe. These studies show that not only the final stationary state but also the process of passivation and the chemical changes of passive layers with potential and time can be investigated with XPS. Thus, one can obtain more reliable insight into the complicated processes leading to passivity.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740210803
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A combined ISS and XPS investigation of passive film formation on Fe53Ni (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 18 (1992), S. 269-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A surface analytical study of the Fe53Ni alloy passivation process in alkaline solution was carried out by ISS (ion scattering spectroscopy) and XPS (x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy).The ISS depth profiles of the passive films formed in 1 M NaOH show an iron-enriched outer part of the film that is about three monolayers thick and stays on the surface independently of the polarization potential. This finding may be related to the outer hydroxide Fe/Ni film identified by XPS. The inner part of the quasi-steady-state passive film is nickel enriched and its thickness grows linearly with the potential. The results obtained by ISS satisfactorily agree with those obtained on the same samples by XPS, which demonstrates that ISS can be used profitably as a semiquantitative tool for the investigation of thin surface layers; in addition, it provides a higher depth resolution than XPS.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740180405
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XPS and ISS examinations of electrode surfaces and passive layers with a specimen transfer in a closed system (1986)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 9 (1986), S. 357-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The application of UHV surface analytical methods to the study of electrodes and surface layers may be affected by changes introduced by contact with the laboratory atmosphere. Therefore, a specimen preparation and transfer in a closed system with its specifications is described. Three examples of its application are discussed: the examination of the electrode - electrolyte interface on Cu and the study of the formation of passive anodic oxides on Fe and on Fe—Cr alloys in 1 M NaOH.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740090603
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XPS and UPS examinations of Fe53Ni and Fe10Ni in 1 M NaOH and 0.005 M H2SO4 (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 16 (1990), S. 271-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The formation of passive films as a function of time and potential on Fe53Ni in 1 M NaOH in 0.005 M H2SO4 + 0.495 M K2SO4 and on Fe10Ni in 1 M NaOH was studied by XPS. In order to avoid air oxidation and to minimize contamination of the samples, an electrochemical specimen preparation and transsfer system attached to the ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) system was used. Quantitative evaluation of the data yields the total thickness and the composition of passive layers. Characteristic changes of the spectra in the transpassive range for Fe53Ni in the alkaline electrolyte, which include a shift of the peaks of the oxide components to lower binding energies, are observed. They are interpreted as a decrease of the Fermi level towards the valence bend as the result of the oxidation of Ni (OH)2 to NiOOH. This is supported by UPS measurements in dependence of the passivation potential of the specimen, which show an increase in work function corresponding to the Fermi level shift.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740160157
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ein Oxostannat neuen Strukturtyps: Cs4[SnO4] (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 587 (1990), S. 145-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: An Oxostannate of a New Structure Type: Cs4[SnO4]In order to prepare Cs3LiSnO4 by heating of a well ground mixture of the binary oxides [CsO0.67, Li2O, SnO2; Cs:Li:Sn = 3.3:1.0:1.0; 450°C; 28 d; Ni-tube] colourless, monoclinic single crystals of Cs4[SnO4] have been yielded for the first time: space group P21/c with a = 1180.8 pm. b = 728.2 pm, c = 1166,7 pm, β = 111.79°, Z = 4. The crystal structure was solved by fourcycle-diffractometer data [Siemens AED2, 2299 from 2708 I0(hkl), R = 7.0%, Rw = 5.6%], parameters see text. Characteristic for the complicated structure are “isolated” [SnO4]4- tetrahedra. Mean Fictive Ionic Radii, MEFIR, Effective Coordination Numbers, ECoN and the Madelung Part of Lattice Energy, MAPLE, have been calculated.
    Notes: Bei dem Versuch, Cs3LiSnO4 darzustellen, erhielten wir farblose, monokline Einkristalle von Cs4[SnO4] aus innigen Gemengen von CsO0,67, Li2O und SnO2 [Cs:Li:Sn = 3,3:1,0:1,0; 450°C; 28 d; Ni-Bombe]: Raumgruppe P21/c mit a = 1180,8 pm, b = 728,2 pm, c = 1166,7 pm, β = 111,79°, Z = 4.Die Kristallstruktur wurde mittels Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten [Siemens AED2, 2299 von 2708 I0(hkl), R = 7,0%, Rw = 5,6%] bestimmt, Parameter siehe Text. Charakteristisch, für den im Ganzen komplizierten Aufbau sind „isolierte“ tetraedrische Gruppen [SnO4]4-. Mittlere Fiktive Ionenradien, MEFIR, Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, sowie der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, wurden berechnet.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19905870116
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclische Zinn(IV)-säureester (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 413 (1975), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclic Stannous(1V) Acid Esters2,2′-dihydroxybiphenyl, 2,2′-Dihydroxybinaphthyl-1,1′ and pyrocatechol react with Sn(C6H5)4 giving chelate complexes (C12H8O2)2Sn, (C20H12O2)2Sn and (C6H4O2)2Sn. By reaction in molar ratio 3:1 result the hexacoordinated compounds (C12H8O2)2Sn · C12H8(OH)2, (C20H12O2)2Sn · C20H12(OH)2, and (C6H4O2)2Sn · C6H4(OH)2. By reaction with amines resp. by ligand exchange reactions corresponding amine complexes are obtained.
    Notes: 2,2′-Dihydroxydiphenyl, 2,2′-Dihydroxydinaphthyl-1,1′ und Brenzcatechin reagieren mit Sn(C6H5)4 unter Bildung von Chelatkomplexen (C12H8O2)2Sn, (C20H12O2)2Sn und (C6H4O2)2Sn. Bei Wechselwirkung im Molverhältnis 3:1 resultieren hexakoordinierte Verbindungen (C12H8O2)2Sn · C12H8(OH)2, (C20H12O2)2Sn · C20H12(OH)2 und (C6H4O2)2Sn · C6H4(OH)2. Durch Umsetzungen mit Aminen bzw. durch Ligandenaustauschreaktionen werden die entsprechenden Aminkomplexe erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754130202
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