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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recycle use of immobilized glucoamylase by tangential flow filtration unit (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 542-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various properties of glucoamylase immobilized onto corn stover supporting material and separation of immobilized enzyme by tangential flow filtration unit were studied. Optimum pH and temperature of immobilized enzyme were 3.5 and 60°C, respectively. Enzyme stability was studied in a packed-bed column. The starch conversion rate was attained at 81% for 15 days; after that, the hydrolysis rate gradually decreased. Size of supporting material proved to be an important factor, with higher activity and good loading yield resulting from smaller supporting material. Glucoamylase immobilized onto supporting material less than 44 μm was used for hydrolysis of 10% soluble starch at pH 3.5 and 40°C for 3 h. Then immobilized glucoamylase was separated from the product by means of a tangential flow filtration unit using a 0.2-μm pore size Nylon 66 membrane filter. This operation was continued until 180 ml filtrate was obtained from a 260-mL starting volume. Then, the next batch was started by adding 180 mL starch substrate into the reactor. The batchwise experiments were repeated 20 times. The average filtration rate of each batch was determined and found to sharply decline during the first four batches. Thereafter, it gradually decreased from batch to batch. The cause of decreasing filtration rate appeared to be due to retrogradation of starch. The percentage of starch hydrolysis within 20 batches was in the range 89-96%. The filtration rate becomes higher if the hydrolyzation time is extended to 14 h. Resistance to filtration was also investigated. Almost all of the total resistance is related to insoluble materials, with the significant part of this from the resistance due to insoluble materials deposited on a surface of membrane and boundary layer resistance. Using a microscopic method, no microorganisms were found in the filtrate.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260330505
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid-Base equilibrium in aerobic fermentations: Influence of unutilizable acids and bases on the acetic acid concentration in culture liquidThis paper was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan at Sendai, April 2, 1972. (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 15 (1973), S. 1147-1158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An investigation was made on the factors influencing the acetic acid concentration in the culture liquid of the aerobic fermentations where acetie acid was used as a carbon source. The acetic acid concentration in the culture liquid changed in proportion to the amount of unutilizable acid or base supplied. This was explained by the principle of conservation of electroneutrality.Another factor affecting the acetic acid concentration in the culture liquid was bicarbonate ions which were formed by the dissolution and dissociation of carbon dioxide in the gas phase of the fermentor. The increment in bicarbonate ion concentration was equal to the decrement in the acetie acid concentration in the culture liquid.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260150612
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of poly(D-3-hydroxybutyrate) from CO2, H2, and O2 by high cell density autotrophic cultivation of Alcaligenes eutrophus (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 268-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: poly(D-3-hydroxybutyrate) ; P(3HB) ; Alcaligenes eutrophus ; gas explosion ; autotroph ; hydrogen oxidizing bacterium ; carbon dioxide fixation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium, Alcaligenes eutrophus autotrophically produces biodegradable plastic material, poly(D-3-hydroxybutyrate), P(3HB), from carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and oxygen. In autotrophic cultivation of the microorganism, it is essential to eliminate possible occurrence of gas explosions from the fermentation process. We developed a bench-plant scale, recycled-gas, closed-circuit culture system equipped with several safety features to perform autotrophic cultivation of A. eutrophus by maintaining the oxygen concentration in the substrate gas phase below the lower limit for a gas explosion (6.9%). The culture vessel utilized a baskettype agitator, resulting in a KL a value of 2970 h-1. Oxygen gas was also directly fed to the fermentor separately from the other gases. As a result, 91.3 g · dm-3 of the cells and 61.9 g · dm-3 of P(3HB) were obtained after 40 h of cultivation under this oxygen-limited condition. The results compared favorably with those reported for mass production of P(3HB) by heterotrophic fermentation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260450312
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of rheological change by addition of carboxymethylcellulose in culture media of an air-lift fermentor on poly-D-3-hydroxybutyric acid productivity in autotrophic culture of hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium, Alcaligenes eutrophus (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 53 (1997), S. 529-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) ; Alcaligenes eutrophus ; autotrophic culture ; air-lift fermentor ; carboxy-methylcellulose (CMC) ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of rheological change by addition of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to culture medium in an air-lift-type fermentor on autotrophic production of poly-(D-3-hydroxybutyric acid) [P(3HB)] by two-stage culture of Alcaligenes eutrophus is investigated. Addition of 0.05% CMC increased P(3HB) production rate during the P(3HB) accumulation phase to twice that of the control culture. It was thought that addition of a small amount of CMC was beneficial for production of P(3HB) employing the air-lift fermentor under safe autotrophic culture conditions in wich oxygen concentration was maintained below 6.9% (v/v). the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (KLa) observed in the presence of CMC is shown to correlated with the P(3HB) production rate obtained. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 53: 529-533, 1997.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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