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  • 1
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1-Aminoallyl anion, chiral ; Homoenolate equivalents ; Calculations, MNDO ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chiral Homoenolate Equivalents, IV.  -  Crystal Structure of a Chiral 1-Aminoallyllithium Compound: Dimeric, Intra-molecularly Chelated (3S)-3-Lithio-1-[(S)-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidino]-1,3-diphenylpropeneThe chiral title compound crystallizes from toluene as a dimer. Two molecules toluene cocrystallize outside the aggregate. The 1-aminoallyl group is nearly planar. Both exo-placed phenyl groups and the endo-placed pyrrolidine group are twisted against the allylic plane. The nitrogen atom is pyramidal, the lone pair is directed to the allyl group (in-conformer). The bond angle C1-C2-C3 is widened, and the bond distances C1-C2 and C2-C3 alternate slightly. This is indicative of a strongly delocalized 3-metallated enamine structure. The lithium atom of one monomer unit is bound to the C3 atom and chelated intramolecularly by the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. Therefore it is placed on the Si side of the allylic plane. Its free coordination site is occupied by the benzyl group of the second monomer unit. The dimer can hence be regarded as being an allyl- as well as a benzyllithium compound at the same time. MNDO calculations reproduce the results of the X-ray structure determination satisfactorily and allow some insight into possible structures in solution.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Lithium dicyanomethanide ; Sodium dicyanomethanide ; Dicyanomethanides, lithium, sodium, tetrabutylammonium salts ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Crystal Structures of {Li3(12-crown-4)2[HC(CN)2]3}, {Na(15-crown-5)[HC(CN)2]}, and {NaN(nBu)4[HC(CN)2]2 · THF}The preparation and the crystal structures of the title compounds 1 - 3 are described. 1 forms a polymeric chain structure, in which one of the lithium ions is linked by Li…NCC(H)CN… bridges. The remaining lithium ions form (12-crown-4)Li[NCC(H)CN] units, which are coordinated by one of the nitrogen atoms of the dicyanomethanide ions with the lithium ions of the chain. 2 forms an ion pair, in which the sodium ion is coordinated by the five oxygen atoms of the crown ether molecule and by one nitrogen atom of the dicyanomethanide ion. 3 has a threedimensional network, in which the sodium ions are coordinated in a distorted tetrahedral manner by the nitrogen atoms of the dicyanomethanide ions. In the cavities of the network the tetrabutylammonium ions and the THF molecules are found.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Enolate of tert-butyl cyanoacetate with Li+ or DBU-H+ as gegenions ; Hydrogen bridge from DBU-H+ to the enolate oxygen atom ; Enolates of cyanoacetates, reaction with electrophiles ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For the first time a solid-state structure with protonated 1,8-diazobicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU-H+) as the gegenion of an “organic” anion, namely tert-butyl α-cyanoacetate (2-), is determined. The DBU-H+ N - H bond forms a hydrogen bridge to the enolate oxygen atom of 2-, the first N-H bridge to an enolate oxygen atom ever characterized. The structure of 2- DBU-H+ is compared with that of the corresponding lithium compound [2- Li+ · TMEDA]2 in which the cations are bound to the N atoms of the cyano groups and the enolate O atoms forming a twelve-membered ring. Literature reports on the rather different chemistry of anions like 2- having alkali metal ions or DBU-H+, respectively, as the gegenions can be understood by means of the two new solid-state structures disclosed in this publication.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 2303-2309 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Benzyllithium ; Pyramidal carbon atom ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: η1-C6H5CH2Li · THF · TMEDA, Complex with a Pyramidal Benzylic C AtomIn addition to the X-ray structure determination of C6H5CH2Li · N(CH2CH2)3N]∞ by Patterman, Karle, and Stucky37 and that of [C6H5CH2Li ·OEt2]∞; by Beno, Hope, Olmstead, and Power42 we present yet another benzyllithium structure: η1-C6H5CH2Li · THF · TMEDA (1). In contrast to the earlier ones, a monomer is observed in the case of 1. Furthermore, in 1 lithium is only coordinated to the benzylic carbon atom whose pyramidal configuration has been determined for the first time. The molecular-weight determination of C6H5CH2Li in THF giving a monomer61, and NMR investigations in THF indicating a pyramidal benzylic C atom in 1 (and C6H5CH2Li53,54) correspond to the solid-state structure of 1. The different coordinations of lithium observed in the three solid-state structures and the pyramidal configuration of the benzylic C atom in 1 are in agreement with theoretical studies (also of other authors45-50). The pyramidal configuration of the benzylic C atom of 1 suggests that a similar stereochemical situation contributes to the high retention observed recently in Haller-Bauer cleavage reactions of optically active benzylic ketones62e-g.
    Notes: Nach der Röntgenstrukturanalyse von [C6H5CH2Li · N(CH2CH2)3N]∞ durch Patterman, Karle und Stucky37 sowie der von [C6H5CH2Li·OEt2]∞; durch Beno, Hope, Olmstead und Power42 präsentieren wir eine weitere Benzyllithium-Strukturuntersuchung, nämlich die von η1-C6H5CH2Li · THF · TMEDA (1). Im Gegensatz zu den früheren liegt bei 1 eine monomere Benzyllithium-Verbindung vor. Außerdem ist Lithium lediglich an das benzylische C-Atom koordiniert, dessen pyramidale Konfiguration erstmals ermittelt werden Konnte. Die Molekulargewichtsbestimmung von C6H5CH2Li in THF, die ein Monomer ergab 61, und Kernresonanzuntersuchungen in THF, die auf ein pyramidales, benzylisches C-Atom bei 1 (und C6H5CH2Li53,54) hinweisen, entsprechen der Festkörperstruktur von 1. Die in den drei Festkörperstrukturen beobachteten verschiedenen Koordinationen des Lithium-Kations an das Benzyl-Anion sind wie die pyramidale Konfiguration des benzylischen C-Atoms in 1 mit quantenmechanischen Rechnungen (auch anderer Autoren45-50) in Einklang. Die pyramidale Konfiguration des benzylischen C-Atoms in 1 läßt vermuten, daß ähnliche stereochemische Verhältnisse zur hohen Retention beitragen, die bei der Haller-Bauer-Spaltung optisch aktiver Benzylphenylketone beobachtet wird62e-g.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Organolithium compounds, α-oxygen-substituted ; Calculations, ab initio ; Brook rearrangement (reverse), stereochemistry ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The comparatively high configurational stability of α-oxygen-substituted organolithium compounds is confirmed by ab initio calculations [MP2/6-311 + + G(d,p)]. Model calculations of the LiCH2OH structures 21A-D (MP2/6-31G(d)//3-21G and MP2/6-311 + + G(d,p)//MP2/6-311 + + G(d,p)) are in agreement with recently determined crystal structures of α-oxygen-sub-stituted organolithium compounds. They also suggested the preparation of a new structural type (21C) which has been verified by means of diphenyl(trimethylsilyloxy)methyllithium · 3 THF (24 · 3 THF) as shown by X-ray crystallography. The lengthening of the C—O bonds in all four α-oxygen-sub-stituted organolithium compounds known to date contrasts strongly with the wealth of structural data from organolithium compounds α-substituted with “typical” acceptor substituents: on lithiation the carbon-acceptor bond length in these compounds is always shortened. This difference is in agreement with a carbenoid character of α-oxygen-substituted organolithium species. Finally, the crystal structure of 24 · 3 THF serves as a model for the surprising stereochemistry of the (reverse) Brook rearrangement.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 1307-1311 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Dilithium trimethylsilylcyanomethanediide ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: [{Li2(Me3SiCCN)}12(Et2O)6H14], Crystal Structure with the Trimethylsilylacetonitrile DianionDeprotonation of trimethylsilylacetonitrile (1) with either two molar equivalents of n-butyllithium or two molar equivalents of lithium diisopropylamide in ether/hexane leads to the “dianion” Li2(Me3SiCCN) (2) which crystallizes from this solution to give [(2)12(Et2O)6(C6H14)]. Twelve “dianions” form an aggregate with a crystallographic inversion center. Six ether molecules (three per asymmetric unit) are coordinating to Li atoms. One molecule of hexane cocrystallizes outside this aggregate. There are three groups of “dianions” differing in the number of their N—Li and C—Li contacts. The solid-state structure of the dilithionitrile [(2)12(Et2O)6(C6H14)] differs significantly from the solid-state structures of monolithionitriles.
    Notes: Deprotonierung von Trimethylsilylacetonitril (1) entweder mit zwei Moläquivalenten n-Butyllithium oder mit zwei Moläquivalenten Lithium-diisopropylamid in Ether/Hexan führt zum „Dianion“ Li2(Me3SiCCN) (2), das aus dieser Lösung als [(2)12(Et2O)6(C6H14)] auskristallisiert. Zwölf „Dianionen“ bilden ein Aggregat mit einem kristallographischen Inversionszentrum. Sechs Ether-Moleküle (drei pro asymmetrische Einheit) koordinieren mit den Li-Atomen. Ein Molekül Hexan cokristallisiert außerhalb dieses Aggregats. Es gibt drei verschiedene „Dianion“-Gruppen, die sich in der Anzahl ihrer N—Li- und C—Li-Kontakte unterscheiden. Die Festkörperstruktur des Dilithionitrils [(2)12(Et2O)6(C6H14)] unterscheidet sich wesentlich von den Festkörperstrukturen von Monolithionitrilen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Benzyllithium compounds ; Chirality, central ; Calculations, ab initio ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Crystal Structure of α-(Trimethylsilyl)benzyllithium·Tetramethylethylendiamin [C6H5CH(SiMe3)Li·TMEDA] und α-(Phenylthio)-benzyllithium·3 Tetrahydrofuran [C6H5CH(SPh)Li - (THF)3] - Two Benzyllithium Compounds with Central ChiralityThe crystal structure analyses of [C6H5CH(SiMe3)Li·TMEDA] (6) and of [C6H5CH(SPh)Li·(THF)3] (7, in which the positions of the benzylic hydrogen atoms have been determined experimentally, reveal compounds with pyramidal benzylic carbon atoms. In 6 lithium is λ2-bound to Cipso and α of the substituted benzylic anion which leads, together with the TMEDA molecule, to a tetra-coordinated lithium atom. In 7 only one Li - C bond is formed, namely that to Cα. Additional coordination with three THF molecules results also in a tetracoordinated lithium atom, The extent of the pyramidalization in 6 and 7 is qualitatively in agreement with quantum-mechanical ab initio calculations [G86, MP2/6-311+ + G(d,p)].
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: α-Lithiated amines ; Carbenoids ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to determine whether α-metalated (lithiated) amines are carbenoids, as are α-lithiated halides and ethers, we have determined the crystal structures of the title compounds. In [α-(dimethylamino)benzyllithium-diethyl ether]2 ([9 · OEt2]2) lithium bridges the anionic carbon and the nitrogen atom which corresponds to the most stable calculated model structure of LiCH2NH2. The C-N bond is only slightly (≈ 3 pm) elongated (compared to the neutral species). If one of the N-methyl groups in [9 7dot; OEt2]2 is replaced by a pivaloyl group as in (S)-α-(methylpivaloylamino)benzyllithium - (-)-sparteine (10 dot; sparteine), a five-membered ring chelate is formed with Li being bound to the benzylic carbon atom and the oxygen atom of the pivaloyl group. In agreement with model calculations avoidance of the bridged structure as in [9 · OEt2]2 is compensated energetically by the chelate. Again a very small C-N bond elongation (≈ 3 pm) is observed. In [3-iodo-2-lithio-1-methylindole - 2 THF]2 ([12 · 2 THF]2) lithium again does not bridge to the indole nitrogen atom because it is a weak donor. The C-N bond length to the anionic C atom is slightly longer (2-3 pm) than in the non-lithiated compound. Other α-lithiated amines, which have been published, although not analyzed so far under this particular aspect, show also a marginal C-N bond lengthening. However, since α-lithiated amines - in contrast to α-lithiated halides and ethers - until now have not been reported in the literature to react with nucleophiles RLi, there is no need to include them into the group of the above mentioned carbenoids - at least not to date.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Acyllithium equivalents ; Lithium ; Carbenes ; Structure elucidation ; Ab initio calculations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 3-Lithiated 4-tert-butyl-imidazol-2-ylidene, 3-lithiated 4-tert-butyl-thiazol-2-ylidene, and the ZnBr species of the latter, are shown to be stable carbenes by X-ray crystal structure determination. The crystal data are confirmed by 13C-NMR investigations in solution and quantum-chemical calculations. The exceptional stability of the acyl anion equivalents is due to the p(.) stabilization of the carbene carbon atoms by the adjacent amino (thio) substituents, as is also the case in the structurally related stable carbenes, which have recently been isolated for the first time by A. J.Arduengo III et al., and in stable nitrenium ions, as found by our group.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 2-Li(ZnCl)-substituted oxazoles (thiazoles, imidazoles) ; Acyclic isomers ; NMR spectroscopy ; Lithium ; Zinc ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Metallated oxazoles, thiazoles and imidazoles are of interest for the preparation of derivatives of the respective heterocycles, and - especially in the case of metallated thiazoles - as acyllithium equivalents in organic syntheses. Metallation at C2 of these compounds, however, often leads (more so with Li-oxazoles than with Li-thiazoles and Li-imidazoles) to products derived from the acyclic isomers of the metallated heterocycles. In order to obtain more information on the positions of the relevant equilibria, we have carried out a 13C-NMR study of substituted li- and ZnCl-oxazoles, Li-thiazoles and Li-imidazoles. In the case of Li-oxazoles, the equilibrium is completely on the side of the acyclic isomers. Addition of ZnCl2, however, leads to ring-closure, and, even in the case of 2-ZnCl-substituted benzoxazole, only the ring-closed isomer is observed. This demonstrates a dramatic gegenion effect on the equilibrium between two isomeric anions. In the case of Li-thiazoles, depending on the substitution pattern, either solely the ring-closed or an equilibrium with the ringopened isomer is observed. In the series of Li-imidazoles, only the 2-lithiated benzimidazole is in equilibrium with its ring-opened isomer. The tendency of these compounds to undergo ring-opening parallels the leaving group properties of the various subunits [OLi 〉 SLi 〉 R2NLi, and phenyl-O(S, NR)Li 〉 vinyl-O(S, NR)Li]. The difference between the effects of Li+ vs. ZnCl+ in the (benz)oxazole series is in agreement with results of solid-state structure investigations of 2-lithiated and a 2-zincated thiazole: in the Li compound the C-S bond is 2.9 pm longer than in the ZnCl species, indicating a more facile C-S bond cleavage with Li+ as the gegenion.
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