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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Beeinflussung des photochemischen Verhaltens von Farbstoffmolekeln in Lösung durch Fremdsubstanzen. Lösungen von Chinizarin in aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen in Gegenwart aromatischer Verbindungen (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 49 (1966), S. 1780-1793 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The acceleration of the photolysis of several anthraquinone derivatives by admixture of various substances, notably of carbonyl compounds ans lead(IV) salts has been studied in a variety of solvents. The sensitization of the photolysis results from the production of radicals either directly from the irradiated lead salts or from the solvent upon hydrogen atom abstraction by the excited carbonyl compounds, probably in the triplet state. The reaction of these radicals with the dye results in the formation of several derivatives of its leuco form, whose absorption in the visible and ultraviolet closely resemble that of the unsubstituted leuco form. These reactions are observed in very dilute solutions, in which intermolecular energy transfer is not expected to occur.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19660490612
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the oxidation of γ′-Fe4N1-x layers; redistribution of nitrogen (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 19 (1992), S. 633-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Iron nitride (γ-Fe4N1-x) layers produced by gaseous nitriding of pure iron in an NH3/H2 mixture at 843 K were gaseously oxidized at 673 K in pure O2. During oxidation an ε-Fe2N1-y layer developed between a magnetite (Fe3O4) scale and the parent γ′-nitride layer. Porosity was observed in the oxide-adjacent part of the ε-grains. Scanning Auger microscopical analysis and electron probe microanalysis showed (1) that the occurrence of the ε-nitride layer is associated with a locally higher nitrogen content, (2) that no nitrogen is incorporated in the oxide layer and no oxygen is dissolved in the nitride layer and (3) that a nitrogen concentration-depth gradient occurs which corresponds to a change of about 1 at.% N over the thickness of the ε-layer. From a thermodynamical point of view, formation of N2 gas during the oxidation of γ′-nitride is more likely to occur than formation of ε-nitride; the latter reaction appears to be kinetically favoured. Quantitative analysis of the nitrogen redistribution suggests that some of the nitrogen atoms released by conversion of γ′-nitride into magnetite are transformed into N2 which is present in the pores near the oxide/nitride interface.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.7401901118
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of tougaard background subtraction to XPS spectra of passivated Fe-17 CrPaper presented at ECASIA 93, Catania, Sicily, 4-8 October 1993. (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 21 (1994), S. 378-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to examine the spectra of films formed during the polarization of an Fe-17 Cr alloy in 0.5 M sulphuric acid, it is necessary to separate the overlapping spectral components of the film and substrate. The procedure for peak separation and background subtraction as proposed by Hansen and Tougaard was followed and is described in detail for the present case. On applying the procedure it was observed that the results obtained are sensitive to the value used for the film thickness in calculating the contribution from the substrate to the overall spectrum. Thus, the film thickness can be regarded as an outcome of the procedure. The elastic XPS spectrum of the film remaining after peak separation and background subtraction was compared to that obtained after subtraction of a Shirley background followed by curve fitting of the substrate contribution.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740210609
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative analysis of overlapping XPS peaks by spectrum reconstruction: determination of the thickness and composition of thin iron oxide films IPT Materials Technology, The Technical University of Denmark, Building 204, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. (1998)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 26 (1998), S. 773-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: XPS spectra ; overlapping peaks ; oxidation ; film thickness ; composition accuracy ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The composition and thickness of thin iron oxide films on polycrystalline pure iron were evaluated from Fe 2p spectra as measured by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. To this end the experimental spectra were reconstructed from reference spectra of the constituents Fe0, Fe2+ and Fe3+. The background contributions in the spectra owing to inelastic scattering of signal electrons were calculated from the depth distributions of these constituents and their reference spectra. In the reconstruction procedure the film thickness and the concentrations of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in the oxide film were used as fit parameters. The values obtained for the oxide film thickness were compared with thickness values determined from the intensity of the corresponding O 1s spectra and with thickness values resulting from ellipsometric analysis. The sensitivity of the reconstruction procedure with regard to film thickness and film composition was tested. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factor analysis of Fe M2,3 VV spectra of oxidizing iron: The role of the background in the emergence of ghost componentsPaper Partly presented at ECASIA 93, Catania, Sicily, 4-8 October 1993. (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 21 (1994), S. 501-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The influence of the (correction for the) background in AES spectra on the results of factor analysis (FA) was investigated. To this purpose a set of experimental spectra for the Fe M2,3VV transition, obtained on the oxidation of pure iron, and sets of look-alike simulated spectra, using a linear combination of two elastic components superimposed on background components, were analysed with FA after different types of treatment of the spectra prior to FA, e.g. differentiation or removal of a particular type of background. In the sets of simulated spectra the roles of a background due to the secondary electron cascade and that due to the inelastically scattered electrons were investigated separately. It was observed that for both types of backgrounds additional principal components with respect to the two elastic components arise, irrespective of the considered treatment of the spectra prior to FA. Results obtained for the experimental set and for the simulated sets with a background originating from the secondary electron cascade were very similar. In the simulated spectra, the origin of the additional components could be identified unambiguously as (an inadequate correction for) the background due to the secondary electron cascade. It is likely that the same origin applies to the additional (third) component emerging on FA of the set of experimental Fe M2,3 VV spectra.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740210802
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalization of the tougaard method for inelastic-background estimation in electron spectroscopy: Incorporation of a depth-dependent inelastic mean free path (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 23 (1995), S. 44-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A generalization of the Tougaard method for subtraction of the background of inelastically scattered electrons from an electron-energy spectrum is presented. Firstly, a depth dependence of the inelastic mean free path is introduced, which enables the analysis of electron-energy spectra from elements in inhomogeneous samples. The incorporation of the depth dependence of the inelastic mean free path also provides an equation for the calculation of peak intensities of electron-energy spectra from elements in inhomogeneous samples and the possibility of estimating the effect of elastic scattering of signal electrons. Secondly, it is shown that the Tougaard method allows the direct calculation of the background of inelastically scattered electrons from a known primary excitation spectrum for an arbitrary in-depth distribution of electron emitters. The validity of these generalizations is demon-strated for the case of an XPS model spectrum originating from a substrate covered with an overlayer, by comparing the results obtained in the present study with those reported previously.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740230107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron Transfer and Stability of a Quinohaemoprotein Alcohol Dehydrogenase Electrode (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemical Technology AND Biotechnology 68 (1997), S. 110-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2575
    Keywords: quinohaemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase ; enzyme electrodes ; immobilisation ; bio-electrochemistry ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Quinohaemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase from Comamonas testosteroni (QH-EDH) was immobilised in a redox polymer network of a polyvinylpyridine, partially N-complexed with osmiumbis(bipyridine)chloride. Substrate-dependent electron transfer occurred, indicating that the enzyme was active and that effective electron transport was achieved. It was shown that the enzyme molecular weight is of importance with respect to the enzyme electrode stability. Long term stability and current density of the QH-EDH electrodes were highest when the enzyme was immobilised at pH 10·0 and 4°C, followed by an additional cross-linking step with glutaraldehyde (1%) at pH 7·0. With such an electrode current densities of 40 μA cm-2 were obtained for several primary alcohols. The affinity of the immobilised enzyme for these substrates (Km(app) values) was similar to that of the enzyme in solution. The half-life time of the electrodes was between 50 h and 200 h depending on the time the enzyme was in contact with the substrate. When the immobilised enzyme electrode was operated at temperatures above 37°C the stability decreased. © 1997 SCI.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow capacity and response of safety relief valves to saturated water flow (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Plant/Operations Progress 4 (1985), S. 207-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0278-4513
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prsb.720040405
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-Alkyl-α-aminosilanes: Synthesis via Alkylation and Hydrosilylation (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 11 (1997), S. 337-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: organosilane ; α-alkyl-α-aminosilane ; metalation ; hydrosilylation ; rearrangement ; Brook ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The readily available aminomethylsilanes can be utilized to prepare the less available α-alkyl-α-aminosilanes. Versatile t-butoxy-carbonal (Boc) derivatives can be metalated between nitrogen and silicon, and then alkylated by an electrophile at this position. Two alternative procedures were also developed, including an aza-reverse-Brook rearrangement of metalated N-silylcarbamates and hydrosilylation of N-alkenylcarbamates. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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