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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardiac conduction system in the chicken: Gross anatomy plus light and electron microscopy (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 236 (1993), S. 493-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Chicken sinus node ; Chicken AV Purkinje-ring ; Chicken AV node ; Chicken His bundle ; Chicken middle bundle branch ; Ultrastructure chicken conduction system ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Twenty-three chicken hearts were used to study the cardiac conduction system by light and electron microscopy. In addition to a sinus node, atrioventricular node (AVN), His bundle, left and right bundle branches (LBB, RBB), the chicken also has an AV Purkinje ring and a special middle bundle branch (MBB). The sinus node lies near the base of the lower portion of the right sinoatrial valve. The AV node is just above the tricuspid valve and anterior to the coronary sinus. The His bundle descends from the anterior and inferior margin of the AV node into the interventricular septum, then dividing into right, left and middle branches some distance below the septal crest. The middle bundle branch turns posteriorly toward the root of the aorta. The AV Purkinje ring originates from the proximal AV node and then encircles the right AV orifice, joining the MBB to form a figure-of-eight loop. The chicken conduction system contains four types of myocytes: (1) The P cell is small and rounded, with a relatively large nucleus and sparse myofibrils. (2) The transitional cell is slender and full of myofibrils. (3) The Purkinje-like cell resembles the typical Purkinje cell, but is smaller and darker. (4) The Purkinje cell is found in the His bundle, its branches, and the periarterial and subendocardial Purkinje network. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092360310
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomy of the sinus node, av node, and his bundle of the heart of the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), with a note on the absence of an os cordis (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 242 (1995), S. 355-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Cardiac conduction in whales ; Coupled relaxation oscillators ; Whale cardiac rhythm ; Death of beached whales ; Comparative cardiac anatomy ; Whale Purkinje cells ; Whale working cardiocytes ; P cells of whale heart ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Atrioventricular (AV) conduction time in large whales is only slightly greater than in smaller mammals even though their hearts are enormously larger. Little is known of the detailed histology or cytology of the conduction system of large whales. Such knowledge could be useful in defining the nature of cardiac rhythm and conduction of the whale as well as smaller mammals including humans.Methods: We studied hearts from seven sperm whales. After fixation in formaldehyde and later dissection, specimens were prepared for histological examination.Results: Cell size, histological organization, and innervation of the sperm whale's sinus node, AV node, and His bundle are similar to most mammalian hearts, except the sinus node is substantially larger. There is no central fibrous body between the atrial and ventricular septa, and the whale has no os cordis. Only the upper quarter of the interventricular septum is fully formed; below that there is only a thin layer of fatty connective tissue between the two ventricles.Conclusions: Given our morphological findings, we believe that the whale's comparatively short AV conduction time may be best explained by the sinus node and AV node functioning as coupled relaxation oscillators. Absence of an os cordis or central fibrous body or strong attachment between the two ventricles may pose both electrophysiological and hemodynamic hazards when the whale is no longer in its normally buoyant aquatic environment. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092420309
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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