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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (8)
  • Child Behavior Checklist  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European child & adolescent psychiatry 4 (1995), S. 61-76 
    ISSN: 1435-165X
    Keywords: Assessment ; Cross-Cultural Research ; Child Behavior Checklist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cet article rapporte une vue d'ensemble d'une évaluation fondée empiriquement avec taxonomie illustré par une recherche transculturelle en psychopathologie. L'approche empiriquement fondée utilise des procédures d'évaluation standardisées pour coter les problèmes comportementaux et affectifs dont dérivent les syndromes par analyse multi-variée. Les items et les syndromes sont cotés quantitativement pour refléter leur degré d'expression chez les individus, tels qu'ils sont rapportés par des informateurs spécifiques. Quoique l'approche pour évaluer les problèmes et construire des groupes taxonomiques differe de cel de ICD/DSM, il n'y a pas de contradictions inhérentes entre leur modèle de troubles ni les traits des critères utilisés pour définir ces troubles. Des comparaisons transculturelles ont montré des différences relativement faibles dans les pourcentages de problèmes et la structure des syndromes, de plus une similarité considérable dans les associations des problèmes avec le sex et statut socio-économique, ainsi que des corrélations semblables entre les rapports par les différents types d'informateurs. La recherche sur les variations dans les problèmes en relation à la culture, le sexe, l'âge, le statut socio-économique et le type d'informateur peut contribuer à améliorer à la fois l'ICD/DSM et les approches empiriquement fondées et permettre une synthèse plus efficace entre eux.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit bietet eine Übersicht zur empirisch fundierten Erfassung und Taxonomie, dargestellt an der transkulturellen Psychopathologieforschung. Die empirisch fundierte Vorgehensweise beinhaltet die Verwendung von standardisierten Erhebungsverfahren zur Wertung von Verhaltensund emotionalen Auffälligkeiten, aus denen Syndrome durch multivariate Analysen abgeleitet werden. Die Items und Syndrome werden quantitativ gewertet, um bei Einzelpersonen das Ausmaß der manifestierten Auffälligkeiten angeben zu können, die wiederum von bestimmten Informanten berichtet werden. Obwohl die Vorgehensweise zur Erfassung von Problemen und zur Bildung von taxonomischen Gruppen sich von dem ICD/DSM-Ansatz unterscheidet, gibt es keine inhärenten Widersprüche zwischen ihren Modellen für Störungen noch in kritischen Merkmalen, die zur Definition von Störungen verwandt werden. Transkulturelle Vergleiche haben relativ kleine Unterschiede in Problemraten und Syndromstruktur ergeben. Außerdem findet sich eine beträchtliche Ähnlichkeit im Hinblick auf die Assoziationen von Problemen mit Geschlecht und sozioökonomischem Status, aber auch ähnliche Korrelationen zwischen Berichten von unterschiedlichen Informanten. Forschung zur Variation von Problemen im Hinblick auf Kultur, Geschlecht, Alter, sozioökonomischen Status und Typus des Informanten können dazu beitragen, sowohl das ICD/DSM-Modell als auch andere empirisch fundierte Vorgehensweisen zu verbessern und eine effektivere Synthese zwischen diesen Vorgehensweisen zu erreichen.
    Notes: Abstract This paper provides an overview of empirically based assessment and taxonomy, as illustrated by cross-cultural research on psychopathology. The empirically based approach uses standardized assessment procedures to score behavioral and emotional problems from which syndromes are derived by multivariate analyses. Items and syndromes are scored quantitatively to reflect the degree to which individuals manifest them, as reported by particular informants. Although the approach to assessing problems and to constructing taxonomic groupings differs from the ICD/DSM approach, there are no inherent contradictions between either their models for disorders nor the criterial features used to define disorders. Cross-cultural comparisons have yielded relatively small differences in problem rates and syndrome structure, plus considerable similarity in associations of problems with sex and SES, as well as similar correlations between reports by different types of informants. Research on variations in problems in relation to culture, sex, age, SES, and type of informant can contribute to improving both the ICD/DSM and empirically based approaches and to a more effective synthesis between them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 1335-1345 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyradicals ; magnetism ; phenoxyl radicals ; high-spin molecules ; organic ferromagnetism ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of poly(4′-vinyl-2,4,6-tri-tert-butyl-diphenyloxalate) and its 65 : 35 and 19 : 81 copolymers with styrene are described. Rigid phase broad-band photolysis of the homopolymer with a quartz filtered xenon arc at 77 K results in production of up to 25% of the theoretical number of spins/mol expected for quantitative production of pendant phenoxyl radicals, and shows no major loss of radical signal in the ESR at temperatures below 100 K. Curie law analysis of the temperature dependence of the ESR radical signal intensity for the neat photolyzed homopolymer 1 shows curvature consistent with antiferromagnetic pairing of radical spins at low temperatures. Since through-bond conjugation of radical spins is not possible in this system, the antiferromagnetic interaction is interpreted in terms of intrachain and/or interchain through-space exchange interactions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 2167-2176 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyradicals ; magnetism ; polyacetylene ; polyphenylacetylene ; molecular magnetism ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A photochemical precursor to a pendant conjugated polyradical has been synthesized, poly[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-[(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl)oxalato]phenylacetylene], 3. Irradiation of 3 at 77 K in the solid state at 〈 300 nm yielded poly(3-5-di-tert-butyl-2-oxyphenyl acetylene), 2, with 30-40% of the expected number of radical spins. Spin yields on the surface of solid samples appears to be considerably higher. Electron spin resonance experiments showed no evidence of cooperative exchange interaction between the pendant spins. Computational modeling indicated that a major reason for the failure of this and other polyphenylacetylenes to show ferromagnetic exchange between spins is the substantial twisting of the polyacetylene backbone required by steric interactions, leading to deconjugation and a loss of exchange interaction between pendant radicals along the chain. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2167-2176, 1997
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Child/adolescent behavior problems ; Child Behavior Checklist ; behavior genetics ; sibling effects ; sex differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic and environmental influences on problem behaviors were studied in a sample of international adoptees. Parental ratings of childrens' problem behaviors were obtained with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The sample (mean age, 12.4 years) comprised a group of biological siblings (111 pairs), a group of nonbiological siblings (221 pairs), and a group of singletons (94). Nonshared environmental influences were most important for problem behaviors studied in this paper. Genetic influences were substantial for Externalizing behaviors but unimportant for Internalizing behaviors. For the CBCL total problem score, Attention Problems, and Externalizing behaviors, the results of the present study were in agreement with findings from twin studies. The lack of genetic influences on Internalizing behaviors contrasts with results from twin studies. For the total problem score, the Externalizing grouping, Delinquent Behavior, and Aggressive Behavior, variances for singletons were significantly smaller than for siblings. Model fit indices indicated that these differences in variances are better attributed to smaller effects of factors associated with sibship size than to active influences of siblings on each other. Significant sex differences were found for 8 of the 10 scales. The larger variances for boys on the Externalizing grouping and Aggressive Behavior could be explained by genetic influences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Problem behaviors ; longitudinal analysis ; adolescent psychopathology ; Child Behavior Checklist ; international adoptees ; behavior genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The genetic and environmental influences on problem behaviors at two assessment points, three years apart, and their stability were studied in a sample of international adoptees, initially aged 10 to 15 years. Parents of 111 pairs of adopted biological siblings, 221 pairs of adopted nonbiological siblings and 1484 adopted singletons completed the Child Behavior Checklist (75 pairs, 154 pairs and 1080 singletons respectively at second assessment). At first assessment, genetic factors accounted for more than 50% of the variance in the Externalizing, Aggressive Behavior, Attention Problems and Social Problems scales. Shared environmental influences explained 40% of the variance in the Total Problem scale and less for all other scales. Nonshared environmental influences were most important for the Internalizing scale and its subscales, and for the Thought Problems and Delinquent Behavior scales. At the second assessment, genetic factors explained most of the variance in the Total Problem, Externalizing and Aggressive Behavior scales, while nonshared environmental influences explained most of the variance in all other scales. Shared environmental influences explained 33% of the variance in the Internalizing scale and less for the other scales. The stability of the Externalizing scale over time was caused mostly by genetic factors, while nonshared environmental factors mostly caused the stability of the Internalizing scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 2335-2349 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: morphology ; polysilanes ; thin film ; chain orientation ; spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effect of confinement on the crystallinity and chain orientation of ultrathin poly(di-n-hexylsilane) films has been investigated using UV absorption, fluorescence and IR spectroscopies. UV absorption measurements in a series of poly(di-n-hexylsilane) films having thicknesses between 50 and 3500 Å have shown that, for thicknesses less than 500 Å, the polymer backbone disorders and extensive crystallization of the films is hindered irrespective of molecular weight or surface hydrophobicity. Fluorescence studies showed that rapid energy transfer occurs from the disordered chain segments to the crystalline ones. The orientation of both the polymer backbone and side chains was probed with IR absorption and grazing incidence reflection measurements. The side chains are extended, although not completely in the all-trans conformation, with their carbon plane mostly perpendicular to the substrate. The backbone lies extended, with the polymer axis parallel to the plane of the film. The hexyl side-chains disorder in films less than 2000 Å thick and this disordering occurs through the introduction of gauche bonds. Our findings suggest the possibility of using thickness to control the chain organization and morphology of a polymer thin film. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 45 (1960), S. 551-552 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 20 (1982), S. 1749-1753 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 8 (1970), S. 1247-1259 
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vinyl esters and acrylates of polyesters derived from C10-C18 hydroxyacids have been synthesized and copolymerized with vinyl chloride with the hope of achieving an internally plasticized poly(vinyl chloride). Copolymers containing 10-30% polyester are film-forming materials, and the films cast from THF solutions are generally flexible. A number of these vinyl chloride copolymers with polyesters at approximately 15 and 25% level have been tested for various properties. The internal plasticization is not extensive.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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