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  • butyric acid  (2)
  • Chironomidae  (1)
  • Chlorella ellipsoidae  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oviposition attractants and repellents of mosquitoes (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 71-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Oviposition repellents ; Culex mosquitoes ; lower carboxylic acids ; butyric acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Infusions of various organic materials have been known to modify ovipositional behavior of gravid female mosquitoes. Previously, we found that an infusion of Purina Laboratory Chow elicited negative ovipositional behavior inCulex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say andCulex tarsalis Coquillett. In the present chemical studies, the Purina Laboratory Chow infusion, fermented for 10 days, was distilled to give an active distillate which, upon ether extraction, gave an active ether extract. Fractionation of the ether extract yielded an active acidic fraction and inactive nonacidic fraction. Gas Chromatographie analysis on Porapak R and AT-1200-H3PO4 columns of the acidic fraction showed the presence of acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and caproic acids. In bioassay tests, these lower aliphatic carboxylic acids, individually and in combination, exhibited ovipositional repellency against the two species of mosquitoes at the concentration of 6 × 10−2%. At this concentration, butyric acid caused 100% mortality in first-instar larvae ofC. p. quinquefasciatus. Gravid female mosquitoes might have acquired, through evolutional adaptation, the ability of avoiding ovipositing in unsuitable sites in which toxic compounds might be detrimental to the survival and development of their offspring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987528
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelochemics produced by the hydrophyteMyriophyllum spicatum affecting mosquitoes and midges (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 517-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Eurasian milfoil ; Myriophyllum spicatum ; toxicity ; attractant ; mosquitoes ; chironomid midges ; allelochemicsChironomus ; Diptera ; Chironomidae ; Culicidae ; Culex tarsalis ; Culex quinquefasciatus ; Aedes aegypti ; Culiseta incidens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An extract of the hydrophyteMyriophyllum spicatum L. was found to be toxic to first- and fourth-instar larvae of the mosquitoes,Culex quinquefasciatus Say,Culex tarsalis Coquillett,Culiseta incidens (Thomson),Aedes aegypti L., and chironomid midges in the laboratory. When first-stage larvae were exposed to the extract, the lowest concentration (6.4 mg extract/100 ml H2O) produced 86,60, and 48% mortality inC. incidens, C. quinquefasciatus, andA. aegypti, respectively. Higher concentrations caused 100% mortality in both first and fourth instars (63.75 mg/100 ml H2O or more). In general, the biocidal activity of the extract was found to be similar when first- and fourth-stage larvae were exposed. Some mortality in the successive pupal and adult stages was observed when fourth-stage larvae were exposed to the extract, but mortality occurred only in the various larval instars when first instars were exposed. Among the chironomids,Tanytarsus spp. was more tolerant to the extract thanChironomus spp. In addition to the biocidal activity against immature mosquitoes, the extract was found to show a unique activity acting as an attractant to both sexes of adultC. quinquefasciatus andA. aegypti. The response elicited inA. aegypti appeared to be somewhat higher than that inC. quinquefasciatus. In general, the percentage of males responding to water treated with the extract was higher than that of the females. The extract at higher concentrations seemed to show some repellency at the outset to both species, but induced positive responses later on.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987799
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biocidal activity of algal toxins against immature mosquitoes (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 557-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum ; Chlorella ellipsoidae ; algae ; algal toxins ; mosquito larvicides ; Aedes aegypti ; Culex quinquefasciatus ; Culiseta incidens ; Diptera ; Culicidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Extracts of two species of green algae, filamentousRhizoclonium hieroglyphicum Kütz and a phytoplankton,Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck, obtained with solvents in the laboratory were assayed againstAedes aegypti L.,Culex quinquefasciatus Say, andCuliseta incidens (Thomson). On extraction with petroleum ether, groundR. hieroglyphicum yielded an active crude extract which was chromatographed on a neutral alumina column and eluted consecutively with petroleum ether, benzene, and methanol. All three eluted fractions were found to induce significant mortality in test mosquito species. The benzene-eluted fraction was the least toxic. The methanol-eluted fraction was the most toxic to all species and exhibited juvenile hormone-like activity; it also caused morphogenetic changes in emerging adults. All three fractions delayed the rate of development of mosquito larvae by 2–5 days. Three supernatants ofC. ellipsoidea obtained on different occasions were tested against first instars ofC. quinquefasciatus. After the confirmation of their activity, all supernatants were extracted with diethyl ether, combined, and assayed against first- and fourth-stage larvae of the three mosquito species. The first-stage larvae ofC. quinquefasciatus andC. incidens were approximately three times more suspectible than those ofA. aegypti. However, fourth-stage larvae of the former two species were about twice as susceptible to the extract as those of the latter species. Dead first-stage larvae of all the species had a shrunken appearance. In general,C. ellipsoidea extract was quicker acting than that ofR. hieroglyphicum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987803
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oviposition repellents of mosquitoes: Negative responses elicited by lower aliphatic carboxylic acids (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 415-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Oviposition repellents ; Diptera Culicidae ; Culex ; Culiseta ; Aedes ; Anopheles ; carboxylic acids ; butyric acid ; mosquito oviposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Organic infusions have been shown to elicit discriminatory responses in ovipositing mosquitoes. Previously, we found that a Purina® Lab Chow infusion induces negative oviposition behavior inCulex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say andCulex tarsalis Coquillett. Six aliphatic carboxylic acids isolated from the active fraction of this infusion were acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and caproic. In the present studies, we have quantified the negative oviposition responses ofCulex mosquitoes to these carboxylic acids in a laboratory bioassay system and have also tested the main acid component, butyric acid, againstCuliseta, Aedes, andAnopheles mosquitoes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01402918
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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