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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermococcus chitonophagus sp. nov., a novel, chitin-degrading, hyperthermophilic archaeum from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent environment (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 164 (1995), S. 255-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key wordsThermococcus ; Archaea ; Hyperthermophile ; Deep-sea hydrothermal vent ; Chitin ; Riftia pachyptila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract From a hydrothermal vent site off the Mexican west coast (20°50′N, 109°06′W) at a depth of 2,600 m, a novel, hyperthermophilic, anaerobic archaeum was isolated. Cells were round to slightly irregular cocci, 1.2–2.5 μm in diameter and were motile by means of a tuft of flagella. The new isolate grew between 60 and 93°C (optimum: 85°C), from pH 3.5 to 9 (optimum: pH 6.7), and from 0.8 to 8% NaCl (optimum: 2%). The isolate was an obligate organotroph, using chitin, yeast extract, meat extract, and peptone for growth. Chitin was fermented to H2, CO2, NH3, acetate, and formate. H2S was formed in the presence of sulfur. The chitinoclastic enzyme system was oxygen-stable, cell-associated, and inducible by chitin. The cell wall was composed of a surface layer of hex- americ protein complexes arranged on a p6 lattice. The core lipids consisted of glycerol diphytanyl diethers and acyclic and cyclic glycerol diphytanyl tetraethers. The G+C content was 46.5 mol%. DNA/DNA hybridization and 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that the new isolate belongs to the genus Thermococcus, representing a new species, Thermococcus chitonophagus. The type strain is isolate GC74, DSM 10152.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050262
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemoautotrophic growth of a marine Beggiatoa in sulfide-gradient cultures (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 136 (1983), S. 262-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Chemoautotroph ; Facultative ; Beggiatoa sp. ; Sulfide gradient cultures ; Microaerobic ; Marine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A recently isolated strain of Beggiatoa, MS-81-6 (cf. alba), was tested for chemoautotrophic growth in semi-solid (0.2% agar) sulfide/oxygen gradient cultures. The organism grew in a horizontal layer, the distance from the air/medium interface depending on sulfide concentrations and changing with time. Optimal growth as a gradient organism was based on a preference for reduced oxygen concentrations and a limited sulfide tolerance in combination with gliding motility. In gradient cultures chemoautotrophic growth was demonstrated by the following criteria: (1) biomass yield (protein) increased with increasing sulfide concentration, and estimated molar growth yields agreed with those for other sulfide-grown chemoautotrophs; (2) approximately 90% of total cell carbon and protein carbon were fixed from carbon dioxide; (3) the CO2-fixing enzyme, ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase, was present in cell-free extracts at a level typical of chemoautotrophs; (4) acidification of the medium, apparently linked to utilization of internal So granules, accompanied the later phase of growth. The ability to grow on acetate in the absence of a source of reduced sulfur renders the organism facultatively chemoautotrophic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425214
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fixation and nitrate utilization by marine and freshwater Beggiatoa (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 133 (1982), S. 172-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Beggiatoa ; Nitrogen fixation ; Acetylene reduction ; Nitrate assimilation ; Microaerobic ; Isolation of marine strains
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four newly isolated marine strains of Beggiatoa and five freshwater strains were tested for nitrogen fixation in slush agar medium. All strains reduced acetylene when grown microaerobically in media containing a reduced sulfur source and lacking added combined nitrogen. The addition of 2 mmol N, as nitrate or ammonium salts, completely inhibited this reduction. Although not optimized for temperature or cell density, acetylene reduction rates ranged from 3.2 to 12 nmol·mg prot-1 min-1. Two freshwater strains did not grow well or reduce acetylene in medium lacking combined nitrogen if sulfide was replaced by thiosulfate. Two other strains grew well in liquid media lacking both combined nitrogen and reduced sulfur compounds but only under lowered concentrations of air. All freshwater strains grew well in medium containing nitrate as the combined nitrogen source. Since they did not reduce acetylene under these conditions, we infer that they can assimilate nitrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414997
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