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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of chocolate quality from near-infrared spectroscopic measurements of the raw cocoa beans
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Vibrational Spectroscopy 2 (1991), S. 161-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0924-2031
    Keywords: Chocolate ; Cocoa ; Infrared spectrometry ; Sensory panel
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0924-2031(91)85022-F
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of chocolate quality from near-infrared spectroscopic measurements of the raw cocoa beans
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 253 (1991), S. 161-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Keywords: Chocolate ; Cocoa ; Infrared spectrometry ; Sensory panel
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003-2670(91)87171-3
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity of Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) pheromone receptor neurons: Relationships between neural thresholds and behavioral responses (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 168 (1991), S. 739-747 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Threshold ; Olfaction ; Insect ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Responses of Trichoplusia ni HS(A) receptor neurons were measured to determine the minimum detectable concentration (absolute threshold) and the minimum detectable increment (difference threshold) for the major sex pheromone component (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate (Z7-12∶Ac). The absolute threshold was 1000-fold below the ∼10-11 M level of Z7-12∶Ac at a calling female. The Weber fraction, i.e., the ratio of the difference threshold to the stimulus concentration, declined from ∼0.8 to ∼0.06 as the concentration rose from threshold to high intensities. Relatively smaller fluctuations were detected as the stimulus increased. 2. The HS(A) responses were interpreted in relation to behavior by considering an ideal observer as approximating the central nervous system (CNS). The ideal thresholds were 3–9-fold lower than the HS(A) thresholds. 3. The ideal absolute threshold of the T. ni CNS is comparable to observed behavioral thresholds for wingflutter and taking flight. However, only a low percentage response occurs at threshold. Most males take flight at higher concentrations. Also, the ideal Weber fraction is lower than in most flight-tunnel bioassays. Yet, males respond to small fluctuations in orienting to pheromone plumes. These differences between moths and ideal observers may reflect inhibition at points in the CNS that control the flow of olfactory input.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224362
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the cromakalim antagonism and bradycardic actions of a series of novel alinidine analogues in the rat (1994)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 350 (1994), S. 158-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Alinidine ; Bradycardia ; Cromakalim ; Imidazolines ; K+ channels ; K+ channel antagonists ; Rat thoracic aorta ; Rat spontaneously beating right atria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Alinidine, and eight derivatives, were synthesized and tested for their ability to antagonise the actions of the K+ channel opener cromakalim in rat thoracic aorta, and for their ability to induce bradycardia in rat isolated spontaneously beating right atria. Ring segments of rat thoracic aorta were suspended in organ baths to record isometric tension. Tissues were precontracted with K+(20 mM), and full concentration-relaxation curves constructed to cromakalim (0.01–30 μM) in the absence and presence of increasing concentrations of alinidine/derivative. The majority of the compounds tested caused rightward shifts in the cromakalim concentration-effect curves. Rat spontaneously beating right atria were suspended in organ baths to record rate of contraction. Addition of alinidine/derivative caused a concentration-dependent negative chronotropic response. In terms of structure-activity relationships, increasing the length of the N-allyl side-chain on the alinidine molecule (from 3 carbon (3C), to 5 C) resulted in a significant increase in the activity of the compounds as both bradycardic agents and cromakalim antagonists. The most potent compounds in both cases (bradycardic agent and cromakalim antagonist) had no double bond in the side chain. The results suggest that the carbon side-chain influences the activity of alinidine-related compounds both as cromakalim antagonists and as bradycardic agents. However, while similar structure-activity relationships appear to apply for both effects in some instances, there was no significant correlation between the two actions of the alinidine analogues. The results suggest that the ability of alinidine-derivatives to induce bradycardia or to block K+ channels opened by cromakalim can be differentiated on the basis of structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00241091
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spasmolytic effect of cromakalim in dog coronary artery in vitro (1991)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 343 (1991), S. 519-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Cromakalim ; K+ channels ; Dog coronary artery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isometric force development was measured in isolated ring segments of dog left anterior descending coronary artery to K+ (10–70 mM), U-46619 (0.3–30 nM), endothelin-1 (0.1–30 nM), 5-HT (0.1–30 μM) and angiotensin-II (0.1–30 nM), Compared with the maximum tissue response to a K+ depolarizing solution (100%) there was a marked variation in the maximum response to each spasmogen: K+ (111%), U-46619 (85%), endothelin-1 (48%), 5-HT (49%) and angiotensin-II (15%). In arteries pretreated with cromakalim (0.3–10 μM) the maximum response to all constrictor agents (with the exception of K+) was reduced but the potency was unaffected. Maximum responses to angiotensin-II and 5-HT were affected at concentrations approximately threefold lower than those to endothelin-1 and U-46619. Removal of the endothelium increased the maximum response caused by 5-HT and reduced the potency of cromakalim in inhibiting this contraction. Glyceryl trinitrate and sodium nitroprusside were 100–1000 times more potent than cromakalim although they produced qualitatively similar effects. Cromakalim is an effective spasmolytic against a number of vasoconstrictors in the dog coronary artery. No marked spasmogen selectivity could be identified for Comakalim that was not shown by glyceryl trinitrate or sodium nitroprusside.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169555
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative comparison of behavioral and neurophysiological responses of insects to odorants (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 509-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pheromone ; olfaction ; electroantennogram ; neurophysiology ; Trichoplusia ni ; Heliothis zea ; Plodia interpunctella ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Pyralidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A consistent pattern of relationships emerges from comparisons of insect electroantennograms, peripheral olfactory receptor neuron responses, and behavioral responses to quantified concentrations of odorants. One consistency is that all of the different response measurements can be described by stimulus-response curves of the same form. Another is that the responses have characteristic groupings when they are plotted against odorant concentration. The pattern of relationships is exemplified in the responses ofTrichoplusia ni (Hübner),Heliothis zea (Boddie), andPlodia interpunctella (Hübner) to several pheromone components and analogs. To quantify the relevant stimulus parameters for the response comparisons, the emission rates of the stimulus delivery system were calibrated for several 12 to 17-carbon pheromone components. The stimulus-response relationships determined forT. ni, H. zea, andP. interpunctella are combined with relationships reported for other insects in the literature, and applications are discussed for the interpretation of pheromone trapping and laboratory bioassays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01880096
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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