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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 3 (1978), S. 33-37 
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Cholangiography ; Cholecystography ; Cholelithiasis, Radiography ; Gallbladder diseases, radiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The stratification (layering) phenomenon in the gallbladder is a source of errors in interpretation of intravenous cholangiography. It may mimic stones that do not exist or conceal stones that do. To avoid false-positive or false-negative interpretations, it is suggested that delayed films be taken at 4 hours in cases which demonstrate a layering phenomenon. By this time, a normal gallbladder will be homogeneously opacified and a diseased one will reveal its stones. Horizontal beam roentgenograms are mandatory for complete evaluation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2185-2190 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation and the spectroscopic analysis of a dimeric adduct (V) obtained from 2-isopropenyl-5-butoxyoxazole (III) and α,α-azobis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) (IV) are reported. It is noteworthy that (III) inhibits completely the homopolymerization of styrene. This is in strong opposition to the facile homopolymerization and copolymerization of 2-isopropenyl-4,5-dimethyloxazole with styrene. The smooth formation of (V) is also in sharp contrast to the lack of reactivity of (III) towards cationic initiators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 56 (1962), S. 104-122 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The chain termination reaction in the polymerization of the LEUCHS-anhydride of γ-benzyl-L-glutamate has been investigated on model substances. Diesters of glutamic acid are stable in dioxane solution but decompose in the presence of carbon dioxide to yield pyroglutamic esters. This reaction represents an intramolecular aminolysis of an ester. Studying the kinetics of the reaction in the absence and presence of amines led to the conclusion that the catalyst of the system is an undissociated carbamic acid formed from the aminodiester and CO2. The catalysis proceeds by a two-centre push-pull mechanism. The proposed reaction mechanism explains the first order dependence on the CO2-pressure and the second order kinetics with respect to the substrate. The results obtained with the models are applied to the polymerization of LEUCHS-anhydrides of glutamates. The termination is rather unusual being a bimolecular reaction in which only one of the two chains is terminated.
    Notes: Die Kettenabbruchreaktion bei der Polymerisation von dem LEUCHSanhydrid des γ-Benzyl-L-glutamates wurde an Modellsubstanzen untersucht. Die Diester der Glutaminsäure sind in Dioxanlösung stabil, zerfallen aber in Anwesenheit von Kohlendioxyd und ergeben dabei Pyroglutaminsäureester. Diese Reaktion stellt die intramolekulare Aminolyse eines Esters dar. Das Studium der Reaktionskitnetik in Ab- und Anwesenheit von Aminen ergab, daß der Katalysator des Systems eine undissoziierte Carbaminsäure ist, gebildet aus dem Amino-diester und CO2. Die Katalyse läuft ab nach einem „Zwei-Centrenpush-pull“-Mechanismus. Der vorgeschlagene Reaktionsmechanismus erklärt, weshalb der CO2-Druck mit erster Ordnung, das Substrat mit zweiter Ordnung in das Reaktionsgeschehen eingehen. Die an Hand von Modellen erhaltenen Ergebnisse werden auf die Polymerisation von LEUCHSanhydriden von Glutamaten angewendet. Die Abbruchreaktion ist ziemlich ungewöhnlich, weil sie als bimolekulare Reaktion nur bei einer der beiden Ketten zum Kettenabbruch führt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 13 (1975), S. 391-395 
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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