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Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for complicated gallstone disease (1992)

Fletcher, D. R. ; Jones, R. M. ; O'Riordan, B. ; [et al.]

Springer

Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 6 (1992), S. 179-182

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ISSN: 1432-2218

Keywords: Cholelithiasis ; Choledocholithiasis ; Cholecystectomy ; Laparoscopy ; ERCP ; Endoscopic sphincterotomy

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Summary After performing selectively 25 laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC) to determine the place of LC in the management of complicated gallstones, all patients presenting with gallstones were evaluated by the authors for LC. Eighty-six consecutive patients were evaluated and 84 were studied. Follow-up in every case exceeded 6 months. In three of 10 patients with acute cholecystitis, LC was not possible; each had a history longer than 48 h and all had gangrene of the gallbladder. In four patients with empyema, LC was successful, but operative cholangiography failed. Operative cholangiography was successful in 76 of the remaining 77. Of eight patients suspected of having stones in the CBD, cholangiography excluded stones in six and confirmed them in two. Cholangiography identified three other patients with totally unsuspected CBD stones. Of the five patients with CBD stones, four had them flushed to the duodenum at LC following transcystic balloon dilatation of the papilla and one had a post-op. ERCP. Of four patients with acute pancreatitis, three had LC in the same admission. LC was possible in all three patients with morbid obesity. We conclude that with experience, LC is possible for complicated gallstones. In acute cholecystitis, the probability of success is higher with earlier operative intervention. Operative cholangiography is essential. It not only identifies unsuspected CBD stones but also allows LC without ERCP in those with suspected CBD stones and with modification it allows treatment of those stones.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02210876

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In utero exposure to microwave radiation and rat brain development (1984)

Merritt, J. H. ; Hardy, K. A. ; Chamness, A. F.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Bioelectromagnetics 5 (1984), S. 315-322

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ISSN: 0197-8462

Keywords: brain ; rat ; development ; microwaves ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Physics

Notes: Timed-pregnancy rats were exposed in a circular waveguide system starting on day 2 of gestation. The system operated at 2,450 MHz (pulsed waves; 8 μs PW; 830 pps). Specific absorption rate (SAR) was maintained at 0.4 W/kg by increasing the input power as the animals grew in size. On day 18 of gestation the dams were removed from the waveguide cages and euthanized; the fetuses were removed and weighed. Fetal brains were excised and weighed, and brain RNA, DNA and protein were determined. Values for measured parameters of the radiated fetuses did not differ significantly from those of sham-exposed fetuses. A regression of brain weight on body weight showed no micrencephalous fetuses in the radiation group when using as a criterion a regression line based on two standard errors of the estimate of the sham-exposed group. In addition, metrics derived from brain DNA (ie, cell number and cell size) showed no significant differences when radiation was compared to sham exposure. We conclude that 2,450-MHz microwave radiation, at an SAR of 0.4 W/kg, did not produce significant alterations in brain organogenesis.

Additional Material: 3 Ill.