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  • Cholesterol  (1)
  • Iowa Women's Health Study  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Difficulty becoming pregnant and family history as interactive risk factors for postmenopausal breast cancer: the Iowa Women's Health Study (1993)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 4 (1993), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Breast neoplasms ; family history ; infertility ; Iowa Women's Health Study ; nulliparity ; prospective studies ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We recently provided data from a prospective cohort study of postmenopausal women which suggested that a first livebirth at age 30 or older (cf before age 20) was associated with a twofold increased risk of breast cancer in women without a family history, but a 5.8-fold higher risk in women with a positive family history. To address the question of whether these observations reflect difficulty becoming pregnant or maintaining a pregnancy, we performed additional analyses in which the outcome of each pregnancy was considered. During five years of follow-up, 620 incident cases of breast cancer were identified in the 37,105 women at risk. There was little evidence for an increased risk associated with a history of spontaneous abortion (relative risk [RR]=1.1; 95 percent confidence interval [CI]=0.9–1.4), nor was the risk higher among women who reported two or more spontaneous abortions in consecutive pregnancies (RR=1.0, CI=0.7–1.4). Although women who reported that they had tried unsuccessfully to become pregnant had only slightly and nonsignificantly elevated risks of breast cancer (RR=1.1, CI=0.9–1.3), a more pronounced and statistically significant association was noted in women with a positive family history (RR=2.0, CI=1.4–3.2). There was a strong inverse association between failure to become pregnant and parity (P〈0.0001); nearly 50 percent of the nulliparous married women reported having tried and failed to become pregnant, whereas the frequency was only 6.8 percent among married women with five or more livebirths. Thus, difficulties in becoming pregnant may characterize a subset of women at increased risk of breast cancer, especially in the presence of a family history.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051710
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dietary cholesterol, fat, and lung cancer incidence among older women: The Iowa Women's Health Study (United States) (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 5 (1994), S. 395-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Cholesterol ; cohort study ; diet ; fat ; lung cancer ; nutrition ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To test the hypothesis that a high intake of dietary cholesterol and fat is associated with elevated risks of lung cancer, we analyzed data from a population-based, prospective, cohort study conducted among 41,837 postmenopausal Iowa (United States) women who completed, in 1986, a comprehensive mailed questionnaire including information on usual intake of 127 food items. All cohort members were followed for cancer incidence through the statewide cancer registry. By 1991, after six years of follow-up, 272 incident lung-cancer cases were identified. After controlling for total energy intake and other confounding factors, dietary cholesterol, total fat, and animal fat were unrelated to lung cancer risk. Intake in the upper three quartiles of plantderived fat, however, was related to a 30 to 40 percent lower incidence of lung cancer, compared with those in the lowest quartile, with more pronoucned reduction in risk observed among smokers (relative risk=0.6, 95 percent confidence interval=0.4–0.9). This prospective cohort study suggests that high intake of fat of plant origin may be associated with reduced risk of lung cancer, while dietary cholesterol and animal fat intake is unrelated to the etiology of this malignancy in postmenopausal women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01694752
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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