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  • Chronic renal failure  (1)
  • Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)  (1)
  • General Anesthesia  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 927-934 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Doxorubicin (adriamycin) ; Pharmacokinetics ; Adverse effects ; Dosage ; Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) ; Pharmakokinetik ; Nebenwirkungen ; Dosierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine empfindliche, reproduzierbare, nichtdestruktive Methode für die Bestimmung von Adriamycin und seinen Metaboliten in Plasma, Leukozyten und Geweben wurde entwickelt. Apolare Substanzen wie Adriamycin (Adm-on) wurden bei pH 2 mit Chloroform, polare wie Adriamycin (Adm) und Adriamycinol (Adm-ol) bei pH 8.8 mit Chloroform:Methanol extrahiert. Nach einer Dünnschichtchromatographie wurde spektrophotofluorometrisch quantifiziert. Bei allen untersuchten Patienten überwog im Plasma Adm über Adm-ol und Adm-on. Weitere Metaboliten fanden sich im Gallensaft. Ausgeprägte Nebenwirkungen traten bei Patienten mit verlängerten Halbwertszeiten der Elimination auf. Eine verzögerte Elimination wurde bei einer Patientin mit Bilirubinerhöhung aber auch bei Patienten ohne erkennbare Lebererkrankung beobachtet. Die Pharmakokinetik von Adm zeigte erhebliche inter- und intraindividuelle Schwankungen.
    Notes: Summary A sensitive reproducible, nondestructive method for the determination of adriamycin and its' metabolites in plasma, leukocytes and tissues has been developed. Apolar substances as adriamycinone (adm-one) were extracted at pH 2 with chloroform, polar ones as adriamycin (adm) and adriamycinol (adm-ol) at pH 8.8 with chloroform: methanol, separated by thin-layer-chromatography and quantitated by fluorescence spectrophotometry. The plasma levels of adm-ol and adm-one were lower in all patients compared to those of adm. Further metabolites were found in the bile. Toxic effects were found in patients with prolonged half-lives in the elimination phase. A delayed elimination was observed in a patient with an elevation of the bilirubin level, but also in patients without overt liver disease. The pharmacokinetics of adm showed considerable inter- and intraindividual fluctuations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Anaemia ; Chronic renal failure ; Haemodialysis ; Haemoglobin ; Recombinant human erythropoietin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This was an open-label multicentre study of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) in 116 children aged 6 months to 20 years with anaemia of chronic renal failure undergoing haemodialysis. Haemoglobin concentration at entry ranged from 3.4 to 9.5 g/dl. r-HuEPO was given intravenously two or three times per week, the starting dose being 75 U/kg per week. This was subsequently titrated in steps of 75 U/kg per week with the goal of increasing haemoglobin concentration at the rate of 1 g/dl per 4 weeks into the range 9.6–11.2 g/dl (6–7 mmol/l), with treatment then continued for up to 1 year with the aim of maintaining the haemoglobin concentration within the target range. Of the 115 children in whom efficacy could be evaluated, 93 (81%) achieved the target haemoglobin and a further 6 had a rise in haemoglobin concentration of at least 2 g/dl. At 52 weeks, the median maintenance dose for children〈30 kg was 225 U/kg per week, compared with 107 U/kg per week for children ≥30 kg. Analysis suggested that 150 U/kg per week would have been a more appropriate starting dose. The mean transfusion requirement fell from 8.9 to 0.7 units/patient per year. Of the 22 patients who failed to reach the target, 15 went on to transplantation and left the study prematurely. Sub-group analysis showed that similar doses lead to similar rates of rise in haemoglobin regardless of the severity of the original anaemia. Assessment of quality of life suggested that this may have improved with r-HuEPO. Twenty-four children needed initiation or increase of anti-hypertensive medication, suggesting that successful r-HuEPO therapy was associated with a tendency towards increased blood pressure. However, there were no significant mean changes in blood pressure, suggesting that the problem was successfully addressed by the changes in treatment. No child developed anti-r-HuEPO antibodies. The overall safety profile was excellent and no new r-HuEPO toxicities were identified in children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Mammaplasty ; Surgical blood loss ; General Anesthesia ; Opioids ; Sufentanil ; Enflurane ; Plastic surgery. ; Schlüsselwörter: Mammareduktion ; Blutverlust ; Narkose ; Opioide ; Sufentanil ; Enfluran ; plastische Chirurgie.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Unter dem Eindruck eines vermehrten Blutverlustes bei Mammareduktionsplastiken nach dem Wechsel der zuständigen Anaesthesieabteilung wurden je 28 Fälle beider Abteilungen verglichen. Alle Patientinnen waren vom ersten Autor in gleicher Operationstechnik und kontinuierlicher Reihenfolge operiert worden. Hinsichtlich Alter, BMI, Operationsdauer, Resektatgewicht sowie der präoperativen Laborwerte bestanden keine Gruppenunterschiede. Aus perioperativem Hb-Abfall und Blutvolumen wurde der individuelle Blutverlust errechnet. Blutdruck und Pulsfrequenz, medikamentöse Narkoseführung und Infusionsregime wurden durch die Narkoseprotokolle erfaßt. Ergebnisse (Mittelwerte und Standardabweichung): Gruppe I (n = 28) und [Gruppe II (n = 28)]: Resektatgewicht (ges.) 1862 ± 928 g [1912 ± 791 g]; Hb-präoperativ 13,6 ± 0,9 g/dl [13,8 ± 0,8 g/dl]; Hb-postoperativ 10,8 ± 1,3 g/dl [9,7 ± 1,3] g/dl] p = 0,006; Blutverlust 970 ± 339) ml [1443 ± 456 ml] p 〈 0,001. Nach Ausschluß chirurgischer und biologischer Gründe verblieben als Erklärung für den unterschiedlichen Blutverlust hämodynamische Einflüsse der Narkoseführung. Der mittlere arterielle Druck war nur initial bei Gruppe II erhöht, die Pulsfrequenzen jedoch durchgehend und deutlich. Bei den N2O/Enfluran-Narkosen konnte in Gruppe I die Atemgaskonzentration von Enfluran durch initiale Gabe 60–100 μg des Opioids Sufentanil zwischen 0,3 und 0,5 % gehalten werden, während sie in Gruppe II ohne Opioide bei 0,5–2 % lag. Die bekannte dosisabhängige Senkung des peripheren Gefäßtonus durch Enfluran wurde nicht durch Vasokonstriktorinfiltrationen im Operationsgebiet maskiert. Schlußfolgerungen: Der Blutverlust bei Mammareduktionen kann auch ohne gezielte Hypotension erheblich durch die Narkoseführung beeinflußt werden. Sufentanyl kann durch Senkung des Enfluranbedarfs indirekt zu einer Minderung des Blutverlusts beitragen. Bluttransfusionen sind bei Mammareduktionsplastiken entbehrlich.
    Notes: Summary. Since we had the impression that there was an increase in blood loss during mammaplasties after a change in the anesthesiology department responsible, we conducted a study to compare 28 cases from each anesthesiology department. All operations were carried out by the first author in succession using the same operative technique. The two groups did not differ in age, BMI, operative time, weight of resected tissue or preoperative laboratory. Blood loss was calculated from the perioperative drop in hemoglobin and patient's blood volume. Blood pressure, heart rate, medication and intravenous fluid supply were obtained from the anesthetic protocols. Results (means and standard deviations): Group I (n = 28) and [Group II (n = 28)]: total resected tissue 1862 ± 928 g [1912 ± 791 g]; Hb-preop. 13.6 ± 0.9 g/dl [13.8 ± 0.8 g/dl]; Hb-postop. 10.8 ± 1.3 g/dl [9.7 ± 1.3 g/dl] P = 0.006; Blood loss 970 ± 339 ml [1443 ± 456 ml] P 〈 0.001. After exclusion of surgical or biological causes hemodynamic effects of the anesthetic techniques were suspected as the reason for the significant difference in blood loss. MAP was elevated only initially, while the heart rate was considerably elevated throughout the procedures in group II. During anesthesia with nitrous oxide and enflurane, the dose of enflurane in group I could be limited to 0.3–0.5 % after initial i. v. administration of 60 to 100 μg sufentanil, while in group II without opioids doses of 0.5–2 % were required. The well-known dose-dependend effect of enflurane on the peripheral vascular tone was not masked by vasoconstrictors at the operative site. Conclusions: Blood loss during mammaplasties can be affected considerably by the anaesthetic technique – even without deliberate hypotension. Sufentanil can indirectly reduce the blood loss by lowering the necessary dose of enflurane. Blood transfusions can be avoided at mammaplasties.
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