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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sympathetic denervation and chronic serotonin uptake blockade by fluoxetine do not affect pineal gland 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid: evidence that oxidative deamination of pineal serotonin is a property of the pinealocyte (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 89 (1992), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Circadian rhythm ; fluoxetine ; high performance liquid chromatography ; 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid ; pineal gland ; serotonin ; superior cervical ganglionectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This investigation tested the hypothesis that oxidative deamination of 5HT in the pineal gland occurs primarily in cellular compartments other than the pinealocyte (i.e., noradrenergic nerve terminals and glia). Following sympathetic denervation of the pineal gland by bilateral superior cervical sympathectomy, pineal levels of 5HT and its oxidative metabolite, 5HIAA, were measured by HPLC from samples collected at six time points over the 24 h photoperiod. The role of glia in 5HT deamination was further examined by chronic treatment with the 5HT uptake blocker, fluoxetine (10 mg/kg). Sympathectomy abolished the circadian rhythms of both 5HT and 5HIAA, but had no statistically significant effect on the ratio of 5HIAA/5HT compared to shamoperated and intact controls over the 24 h period. Pineal daytime levels of both 5HT and 5HIAA were unaffected by fluoxetine treatment. These findings indicate that the pinealocyte is an important cellular compartment for 5HT oxidative metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01245355
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical and circadian biochemical analysis of neuroactive amino acids in the pineal gland of the rat: effect of superior cervical ganglionectomy (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 515-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Pinealocytes ; Glutamate ; Glutamine ; Taurine ; Circadian rhythm ; Superior cervical sympathectomy ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Semiquantitative immunocytochemistry by immuno-gold techniques revealed differences in the spatial distribution of glutamate, glutamine, and taurine within the pineal gland, with greatest labeling over pinealocytes, glia, and endothelia, respectively. At the subcellular level, glutamate labeling tended to be highest over pinealocyte synaptic ribbons and mitochondria, and lowest over lipid inclusions. Pineal levels of glutamate, glutamine and taurine, as measured by high performance liquid chromatography, did not vary over a light: dark cycle. Superior cervical sympathetic denervation, which abolishes pineal melatonin synthesis, resulted in a nearly 50% reduction in pineal glutamate levels, but had no effect on levels of glutamine and taurine. Other amino acids (alanine, arginine, aspartate, serine) were reduced by 23%–33% following sympathectomy. These data suggest an important role for glutamate in pinealocyte function(s) possibly related to the noradrenergic innervation of the gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353906
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the pineal organ in the troglobytic fish, Typhlichthyes subterraneous (Pisces: Amblyopsidae) (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 195 (1978), S. 535-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Troglobytic fish, Typhlichthyes subterraneous ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pineal organ of the blind, cave-dwelling fish, Typhlichthyes subterraneous, was examined with both light and electron microscopes. Like the eyes, the pineal in this troglobytic species was found to be regressed. Two cell types, photoreceptor and supportive cells, were described in the pineal epithelium. Although ganglion cells were not identified, small, unmyelinated nerve fibers were present. The photoreceptor cells had degenerated outer segments. Accordingly, it was suggested that the pineal in this species is not likely to function in photoreception. However, the presence of well developed Golgi bodies, clear and dense-cored vesicles, variable amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum and glycogen particles indicated that both cell types are metabolically active and may play a role in secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233895
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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