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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sympathetic denervation and chronic serotonin uptake blockade by fluoxetine do not affect pineal gland 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid: evidence that oxidative deamination of pineal serotonin is a property of the pinealocyte (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 89 (1992), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Circadian rhythm ; fluoxetine ; high performance liquid chromatography ; 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid ; pineal gland ; serotonin ; superior cervical ganglionectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This investigation tested the hypothesis that oxidative deamination of 5HT in the pineal gland occurs primarily in cellular compartments other than the pinealocyte (i.e., noradrenergic nerve terminals and glia). Following sympathetic denervation of the pineal gland by bilateral superior cervical sympathectomy, pineal levels of 5HT and its oxidative metabolite, 5HIAA, were measured by HPLC from samples collected at six time points over the 24 h photoperiod. The role of glia in 5HT deamination was further examined by chronic treatment with the 5HT uptake blocker, fluoxetine (10 mg/kg). Sympathectomy abolished the circadian rhythms of both 5HT and 5HIAA, but had no statistically significant effect on the ratio of 5HIAA/5HT compared to shamoperated and intact controls over the 24 h period. Pineal daytime levels of both 5HT and 5HIAA were unaffected by fluoxetine treatment. These findings indicate that the pinealocyte is an important cellular compartment for 5HT oxidative metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01245355
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of constant light and constant darkness on daily changes in the morphology of the pineal organ in the goldfish,Carassius auratus (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 53 (1982), S. 277-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; goldfish ; circadian rhythm ; constant light ; constant darkness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of photoreceptor cells in the pineal organ of the goldfish was found to vary quantitatively over a 24-hour period. Stereological analysis revealed significant daily changes in the volume of the cell and inner segment, nuclear volume and nucleolar diameter, volume of endo-plasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies, area of both rough and smooth endo-plasmic reticulum, and number of vesicles associated with each Golgi body. Peak values of these variables occurred either during the dark phase or latter part of the light phase. These findings agree closely with those reported in higher vertebrates, and suggest that metabolic activities, and possible secretory functions, of the pineal organ of fishes are synchronized to the light: dark cycle. Daily changes in these variables generally persisted in fish exposed to constant darkness for seven days, with the peaks in these rhythms coinciding closely with those observed in fish exposed to a light: dark cycle. In contrast, the rhythms in all variables were abolished in fish kept in continual light for seven days. Photoreceptor cells from fish exposed to continuous light had larger nucleoli and greater amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum indicating a further effect of light on pineal metabolism in lower vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01252039
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical and circadian biochemical analysis of neuroactive amino acids in the pineal gland of the rat: effect of superior cervical ganglionectomy (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 515-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Pinealocytes ; Glutamate ; Glutamine ; Taurine ; Circadian rhythm ; Superior cervical sympathectomy ; Rat (Sprague-Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Semiquantitative immunocytochemistry by immuno-gold techniques revealed differences in the spatial distribution of glutamate, glutamine, and taurine within the pineal gland, with greatest labeling over pinealocytes, glia, and endothelia, respectively. At the subcellular level, glutamate labeling tended to be highest over pinealocyte synaptic ribbons and mitochondria, and lowest over lipid inclusions. Pineal levels of glutamate, glutamine and taurine, as measured by high performance liquid chromatography, did not vary over a light: dark cycle. Superior cervical sympathetic denervation, which abolishes pineal melatonin synthesis, resulted in a nearly 50% reduction in pineal glutamate levels, but had no effect on levels of glutamine and taurine. Other amino acids (alanine, arginine, aspartate, serine) were reduced by 23%–33% following sympathectomy. These data suggest an important role for glutamate in pinealocyte function(s) possibly related to the noradrenergic innervation of the gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353906
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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