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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (10)
  • Cobaltous Histidine  (2)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 24 (1969), S. 235-248 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Schlagwort(e): Artificial Respiration in Cyanide Poisoning ; Cobaltous EDTA ; Cobaltous Histidine ; Cyanide Poisoning ; Hydrocyanic Acid Exhalation ; Blausäureexhalation ; Cyanidvergiftung ; Kobalt-EDTA ; Kobalthistidin ; künstliche Beatmung bei Cyanidvergiftung
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Blausäureexhalation von Meerschweinchen, die eine Natriumcyanid-Infusion erhielten (0,2 mg/kg×min), wurde mit einer neuen Methode bestimmt. Der Einfluß einer künstlichen Beatmung und der Applikation von Antidoten auf die HCN-Abgabe über die Lunge wurde gemessen. Die Geschwindigkeit des Abfalls der HCN-Konzentration in der Atemluft der Tiere wurde zur Beurteilung der Wirkungsgeschwindigkeit verschiedener Antidote herangezogen. Es ergaben sich folgende Befunde: 1. Die Elimination von Blausäure über die Lunge ist bei Spontanatmung sehr gering. Sie erreicht bis zum Atemstillstand nur 1–2% der infundierten Dosis. 2. Durch eine künstliche Beatmung wurde die Blausäureexhalation auf das 3–4 fache gesteigert. 3. Nach einer Thiosulfatbehandlung fiel die Blausäureexhalation langsam ab und erreichte nach 30 min ihren niedrigsten Wert, der trotz fortgesetzter NaCN-Infusion nicht wieder überschritten wurde. 4. Nach Verabreichung der Kobaltchelate Co[Co-EDTA] und [Co(Histidin)2] kam es schon innerhalb von 1–2 min zu einem ganz plötzlichen Abfall der HCN-Abgabe über die Lungen; damit wurde die hohe Wirkungsgeschwindigkeit dieser Antidote unter Beweis gestellt. 5. Die Gleichwertigkeit der beiden Kobaltantidote konnte auch bei der Wiederbelebung von Meerschweinchen im letzten Vergiftungsstadium gezeigt werden. 6. Die i.v. Toxicität von [Co(Histidin)2] war wesentlich geringer als die von Co[Co-EDTA]; danach wäre der Histidinkomplex als Cyanidantidot zu bevorzugen.
    Notizen: Summary A new method was applied to determine the exhalation of hydrocyanic acid by guinea pigs receiving sodium cyanide by intravenous infusion (0,2 mg/kg×min). The effect of artificial respiration and the application of antidotes on HCN-release from the lungs has been measured. The slope in the decline of the concentration of hydrocyanic acid in the respiratory air of the animals was used as parameter for the velocity of action of various antidotes. The following results were obtained: 1. The elimination of hydrocyanic acid by the lung is very low in animals breathing spontaneously. Before respiratory standstill occurred 1–2% of the dose given by infusion were thus eliminated. 2. Exhalation of hydrocyanic acid was increased 3–4 fold by applying artificial respiration. 3. Following thiosulfate the hydrocyanic acid exhaled decreased slowly reaching the lowest values after 30 min which was then maintained although the infusion of sodium cyanide was continued. 4. Following the application of the cobaltous chelates Co[Co-EDTA] an [Co (histidine)2] the release of hydrocyanic acid from the lungs dropped suddenly within 1–2 min. Thus the rapid action of the antidotes was proven. 5. In addition both cobaltous antidotes were demonstrated to be equally effective when the reanimation of guinea pigs from the last stage of cyanide poisoning was measured. 6. The toxicity of [Co(histidine)2] when injected intravenously was considerably lower than that of Co[Co-EDTA]. Thus the histidine complex is the preferable antidote in cyanide poisoning.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 27 (1971), S. 111-123 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Schlagwort(e): Cyanide Poisoning ; p-Dimethylaminophenole ; Cobaltous Histidine ; Sodium Nitrite ; Sodium Thiosulfate ; Cyanidvergiftung ; p-Dimethylaminophenol ; Kobalthistidin ; Natriumnitrit ; Natriumthiosulfat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung An cyanidvergifteten Meerschweinchen und Katzen wurde der Einfluß von Cyanidantidoten auf die Blausäureexhalation gemessen und so ihre Wirkungsgeschwindigkeit und ihre Entgiftungskapazität bestimmt. Mit diesem Verfahren einer exakten Beurteilung des therapeutischen Wertes verschiedener Antidote ergaben sich folgende Befunde: 1. Kobalthistidin in einer Dosierung von 20 mg/kg zeichnete sich in beiden Tierspecies durch eine sehr hohe Wirkungsgeschwindigkeit aus. Seine Entgiftungskapazität war jedoch unzureichend. Beim Menschen erscheint die Therapie einer schweren Blausäurevergiftung mit Co(His)2 sinnvoll, aber nur in Kombination mit Natriumthiosulfat. 2. Durch eine 30%ige Methämoglobinbildung bei i.v. Injektion von 2,25 mg/kg p-Dimethylaminophenol (DMAP) wurde bei Katzen die gleich hohe Wirkungsgeschwindigkeit erzielt wie mit Co(His)2. Eine Dosis von 0,75 mg/kg DMAP führte jedoch mit einer Bildung von 10% Methämoglobin erst 2,4 min später zu einer entsprechenden Senkung der HCN-Exhalation. Die Entgiftungskapazität von DMAP war beträchtlich höher als die von Co(His)2, blieb aber auch weit hinter der des Natriumthiosulfats zurück. 3. Für Natriumthiosulfat wurde auch mit der neuen Methode die sehr hohe Entgiftungskapazität dieser Verbindung bei beiden untersuchten Tierarten unter Beweis gestellt. Stets setzte jedoch die Wirkung erst sehr spät ein. In der Praxis sollte man niemals auf die Anwendung dieses Antidots verzichten. Bei allen schweren Vergiftungen kann nur die Kombination mit einem schneller wirkenden Antidot, wie mit Co(His)2 oder mit DMAP, erfolgreich sein. 4. Bei der Anwendung von Natriumnitrit in relativ hoher Dosierung wurde weder eine hohe Wirkungsgeschwindigkeit noch eine befriedigende Entgiftungskapazität erreicht. Damit genügt es nicht mehr den Anforderungen, die man heute an ein Blausäureantidot stellen soll.
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of various antidotes on the exhalation of hydrocyanic acid has been measured in guinea pigs and cats poisoned with cyanide. This procedure permits evaluation of both the speed of action and the capacity of the agents tested to detoxify hydrocyanic acid, and therefore allows an exact judgement as to therapeutic value of various antidotes to cyanide poisoning. The results were as follows: 1. Cobaltous histidine at a dose of 20 mg/kg was distinguished among the compounds tested by its rapid action in both species. Its detoxifying capacity was not adequate however. Treatment of severe cyanide poisoning in man with Co (his)2 would appear to be reasonable, but only when combined with sodium thiosulfate. 2. The same rapid action as with cobaltous histidine was achieved in cats by intravenous injection of 2.25 mg/kg p-dimethylaminophenole (DMAP) leading to a methemoglobin formation of 30%. A dose of 0.75 mg/kg DMAP forming 10% methemoglobin reduced HCN-exhalation by an equivalent amount only after a 2.4 min delay. The capacity of DMAP to detoxify hydrocyanic acid was considerably greater than that of cobaltous histidine but still was far inferior to that of sodium thiosulfate. 3. The high capacity of sodium thiosulfate to detoxify hydrocyanic acid was likewise demonstrated by the new method employed here in both animal species. However, the onset of its effect was always very delayed. In clinical practice, this agent should never be omitted, but in treatment of severe poisonings it will only be successful when combined with a more rapid-acting antidote such as cobaltous histidine or DMAP. 4. Sodium nitrite, even when applied in relatively high doses, did not act rapidly enough nor did it demonstrate a satisfactory capacity to detoxify hydrocyanic acid. Therefore, it no longer fulfills the requirements that presently should be demanded of an antidote to hydrocyanic acid.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 119 (1984), S. 211-219 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Transformed mouse fibroblasts, such as 3T6, exhibit an increase in plasma membrane permeability to nucleotides and other normally impermeant molecules when incubated with external ATP in an alkaline medium low in divalent cations. Increased nucleotide permeability, induced by external ATP, occurs after a 3- to 5-min lag period. Prior to this event, there is a dramatic Na+ influx and K+ efflux, a significant reduction in the levels of intracellular ATP and organic phosphates, and a reduction in the plasma membrane potential. Accordingly, we postulate that these cellular responses to external ATP play a role in the efflux of nucleotides.Ouabain, a specific inhibitor of the plasma membrane (Na+, K+)-ATPase, acts together with low concentrations of external ATP to increase nucleotide permeability in 3T6 cells. This effect occurs at concentrations of ouabain and ATP which alone do not increase nucleotide permeability. In addition, ouabain and low concentrations of ATP alone have little effect on the level of intracellular ATP. This is in contrast to energy inhibitors and uncouplers which appear to enhance nuclectide permeability by lowering the intracellular ATP concentration. Ouabain alone causes a threefold increase in intracellular Na+ levels and a similar reduction in intracellular K+ levels under our experimental conditions, supporting the idea that ion fluxes are involved in the mechanism of permeabilization.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 140 (1989), S. 524-529 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Addition of ATP to cultures of transformed mouse fibroblasts, 3T6 cells, resulted in cell growth inhibition, whereas the growth of the non-transformed counterparts, 3T3 cells, was only slightly affected. The inhibition was found to be specific for adenine nucleotides, and concentration dependent. At relatively low concentrations (e.g., 0.1 mM) the effect of ATP was cytostatic, whereas at higher concentrations (e.g., 1.0 mM) a cytotoxic effect was exerted. ATP-resistant variants of 3T6 cells were selected by exposure of cultures to gradually elevated concentrations of ATP. The variants were found to resemble the non-transformed counterparts, 3T3 cells, more than the 3T6 parent cells, by the following criteria: ATP-induced alte rations in the membrane potential, changes in membrane permeability, cell growth inhibition, and colony formation on soft agar. The data indicate that long exposure of the transformed cells to external ATP results in redifferentiation and reduction in their tumorigenicity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 118 (1984), S. 124-132 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Incubation of transformed mouse fibroblasts with external ATP in alkaline medium low in divalent cations causes an increase in the permeability of the plasma membrane to nucleotides and other small molecules. Previous suggestions that the phosphorylation of a 44,000 dalton membrane protein is involved in this permeabilization process have been pursued. Fractionation of cells that had been incubated with [γ-32P] ATP revealed that the labeled 44K phosphoprotein was found in both the membrane and mitochondrial fractions. Incubation of fractions isolated from unlabeled cells with [γ-32P] ATP resulted in substantial formation of 32P-44K in the mitochondrial fraction and less incorporation in the membrane fraction. The 44,000 dalton protein was identified as the α-subunit of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase by partial proteolytic mapping and immunological cross-reactivity with antibodies prepared against bovine pyruvate dehydrogenase. The phosphorylation of this protein in whole cells by externally added ATP is suppressed by inclusion in the incubation medium of carboxyatractyloside (CAT) and EDTA. These substances have no effect on ATP-dependent permeabilization, indicating that the phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase is not involved in this process.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 16 (1994), S. 645-649 
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 157 (1993), S. 502-508 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Addition of ATP (〉0.1 mM) to cultures of human breast cancer T47D cells resulted in an inhibition of cell proliferation. The inhibition was found to be specific for ATP, and dependent on its concentration. Growth inhibition continued for at least three days, although ATP and its hydrolysis products were metabolized within one day. Conditioned medium from ATP-treated cultures (CM+) was found to inhibit the growth of cells that were not exposed to ATP. This is an indication that extracellular factors, besides ATP, are involved in the inhibition process. The inhibition was maintained after dialysis of the CM+, using an 8 kDa cut-off membrane. Conditioned medium from untreated cultures (CM-), however, only slightly affected cell growth. The data suggest that the CM+ -induced cell growth inhibition is mediated by an ATP-activated growth inhibiting factor. Flow microfluorometry and thymidine incorporation experiments have shown that the growth arrest is mainly due to the elongation of the S-phase of the cell cycle. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 3 (1987), S. 149-160 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): DNA repair ; RAD2 ; Saccharomyces ; gene expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The cloned RAD2 gene of S. cerevisiae was tailored into regulatable expression vectors for overexpression of Rad2 protein in E. coli and in yeast. In E. coli both Rad2/β-galactosidase fusion protein and native Rad2 protein are insoluble, but are extractable with 1% Sarkosyl. In yeast some of the overexpressed native Rad2 protein is also insoluble; however, soluble protein is readily detected by immunoblotting with Rad2-specific antibodies. All forms of the protein detected in transformed or untransformed yeast cells and the insoluble species in E. coli migrate in denaturing polyacrylamide gels with an apparent molecular weight considerably larger than the size predicted from the sequence of the RAD2 coding region. This property is not the result of post-translational glycosylation detectable by binding of concanavalin A, or of phosphorylation of the protein. Overexpression of the RAD2 gene is toxic to yeast. Transformed yeast cells grow much more slowly than untransformed controls and when yeast transformants are serially propagated cultures show considerable colony heterogeneity and concomitant selection for rapidly growing variants which express less Rad2 protein. Antisera raised against Rad2/β-galactosidase fusion protein expressed in E. coli do not cross-react with Rad1, Rad3 or Rad10 protein in crude extracts of yeast, nor with purified E. coli UvrA, UvrB or UvrC proteins.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 13 (1991), S. 295-302 
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Eukaryotic cells are able to mount several genetically complex cellular responses to DNA damage. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a genetically well characterized organism that is also amenable to molecular and biochemical studies. Hence, this organism has provided a useful and informative model for dissecting the biochemistry and molecular biology of DNA repair in eukaryotes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 16 (1994), S. 853-855 
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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