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  • Cocaine  (1)
  • Key words: Laparoscopy — Vascular — Abdominal aortic aneurysm  (1)
  • Kidney preservation  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High osmolality-low pH flush solutions improve renal transplant function in rats (1991)
    Springer
    Urological research 19 (1991), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Kidney ischemia ; Kidney preservation ; Kidney transplantation ; Glomerular filtration rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although transplanting rat kidneys is an established microsurgical technique, inulin clearance is abnormally low, due to rejection and/or warm ischemia-induced damage. In the present studies, rejection was avoided by using inbred Brown Norway rats as donors and recipients. Donor kidneys were flushed with ice-cold solutions of various composition (saline, saline + 200 or 400 mM mannitol) and pHs (5.7, 6.4, and 7.4), and the kidneys were kept cold during transplantation into unilaterally nephrectomized recipients. Renal function was assessed by clearance techniques 1 week later. In control rats, with both native kidneys intact, the ratio of inulin clearance, left kidney to right kidney, was 0.99±0.02. In rats with a native right kidney and a transplanted left kidney that had been flushed with saline, the ratio was considerably lower (0.46±0.09). Adding 200 mM mannitol to the saline flush solution increased the ratio (0.89±0.09). In comparison, adding 200 mM mannitol and 5 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 resulted in a somewhat lower ratio (0.80±0.09), whereas adding 200 mM mannitol and 5 mM phosphate buffer at pH 5.7 resulted in a higher ratio, one that was indistinguishable from control (0.97±0.09). Thus, in this latter group, the inulin clearances of the transplanted kidneys were identical to those of the contralateral native kidneys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00368181
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    3’- and 4’-chloro-substituted analogs of benztropine: intravenous self-administration and in vitro radioligand binding studies in rhesus monkeys (2000)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 147 (2000), S. 426-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Drug abuse ; Stimulant ; Cocaine ; Dopamine ; Monoamine transport ; Self-administration ; Rhesus monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rationale: The reinforcing effects of many psychomotor stimulants have been related to increased dopaminergic neurotransmission. Drugs that block dopamine (DA) uptake have generally been found to function as positive reinforcers. Benztropine (BZT) and several of its halogenated analogs have previously been characterized as potent DA-uptake inhibitors with behavioral profiles that indicate diminished psychomotor stimulant effects relative to cocaine. Objectives: The present experiments were designed to examine, in rhesus monkeys, the reinforcing effects of the DA-uptake inhibitor BZT and two chloro-analogs 3’-C1-BZT and 4’-Cl-BZT, and to compare self-administration and binding profiles. Methods: Four rhesus monkeys self-administered cocaine i.v. under a fixed-ratio 10 (FR10) schedule until stable responding was established. Saline, and various doses of cocaine, BZT, and the BZT analogs were then made available for self-administration. Binding of these compounds to monoaminergic and cholinergic sites in monkey brain were determined using standard radioligand binding techniques. Results: Self-administration was maintained by both 3’-C1-BZT and 4’-Cl-BZT, but not by BZT. Results suggested that 3’-C1-BZT and 4’-Cl-BZT were weak positive reinforcers. BZT and analogs bound DA transporters (DAT) with affinities higher than that of cocaine and had affinity for muscarinic binding sites. Conclusions: Surprisingly, high affinity at DATs was associated with weak or no reinforcing effects. The mechanism(s) that may underlie this dissociation between DAT actions and reinforcing effects remains to be established. These data support the proposal that a lead for the discovery of a pharmacotherapeutic agent for cocaine abuse may come from this group of compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050012
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utility of transesophageal echocardiography and pulmonary artery catheterization during laparoscopic assisted abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (1997)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 11 (1997), S. 1099-1101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopy — Vascular — Abdominal aortic aneurysm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Advanced laparoscopic procedures are more commonly performed in elderly patients with cardiac disease. There has been limited data on the use of pulmonary artery catheters (PAC) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to monitor hemodynamic changes. Methods: We prospectively studied eight patients undergoing laparoscopic assisted abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. All patients had a PAC and all but one had an intraoperative TEE. Data included heart rate (HR), temperature (temp), pulmonary artery systolic (PAS) and diastolic (PAD) pressures, mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), cardiac index (CI), mixed venous oxygen saturation (MVO2), and oxygen extraction ratio (O2Ex) and was obtained prior to induction, during insufflation, after desufflation, during aortic cross-clamp, and at the end of the procedure. End diastolic area (EDA), a reflection of volume status, was measured on TEE. ANOVA was used for data analysis. Results: No changes were noted in HR, temp, PAS, PCWP, CI, MVO2, and O2Ex. PAD and CVP were greater during insufflation compared with baseline and aortic cross-clamp without associated changes in EDA. MAP was higher at baseline compared with all other times during the procedure. Conclusions: Insufflation increased PAD and CVP. However, volume status as suggested by EDA and PCWP did not change. These data question the reliability of hemodynamic measurements obtained from the PAC during pneumoperitoneum and suggest that TEE may be sufficient for evaluation of volume status along with the added benefit of timely detection of ventricular wall motion abnormalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004649900539
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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