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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (9)
  • Colonoscopy  (3)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Confirmation of cecal intubation during colonoscopy (1995)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 38 (1995), S. 402-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colonoscopy ; Fluoroscopy ; Cecum ; Ileocecal valve ; Transillumination ; Appendiceal orifice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: Establishing intubation of the cecum can be a laborious, frustrating, and sometimes erroneous endeavor. Following confirmed colonoscopic intubation of the cecum, the presence of three anatomic landmarks (alone and in combination) were evaluated to precisely define their reliability. METHODS: Between February 1991 and January 1992, 771 of 904 consecutive colonoscopic examinations were completed to the cecum as confirmed by fluoroscopy. RESULTS: All three cecal landmarks studied (ileocecal valve, appendiceal orifice, and transillumination) were present in 64 percent of patients, and two landmarks were seen in 32 percent (96 percent of patients had multiple landmarks). The ileocecal valve was the most reliable cecal landmark (98 percent), followed by the appendiceal orifice (87 percent) and transillumination through the abdominal wall (75 percent). CONCLUSIONS: The ileocecal valve is the most reliable cecal landmark and is invariably visualized, even when all other cecal landmarks are obscure. Although other cecal landmarks are usually identifiable, they are most valuable when found in association with the ileocecal valve.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02054230
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors that predict incomplete colonoscopy (1995)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 38 (1995), S. 964-968 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colonoscopy ; Fluoroscopy ; Diverticulitis ; Cecum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE AND METHODS: Certain factors in a patient's history, such as prior abdominal surgery or complicated diverticular disease, have been reported to hinder cecal intubation during colonoscopy. Over a 16-month period, 1,047 consecutive colonoscopies were prospectively evaluated to determine whether these factors were indeed clinically relevant. RESULTS: Of the 90 patients (9 percent) who had incomplete intubation of the colon, there were significantly more women (66 percent) than men (34 percent) (P 〈0.001). Women with a history of abdominal hysterectomy had a significantly lower cecal intubation rate (P 〈 0.01). A history of diverticulitis did not alter the cecal intubation rate. In patients with incomplete colonic intubation, the most proximal extent of intubation was the sigmoid colon in women (31 percent) and the right colon in men (68 percent). Sixty-seven percent of patients with incomplete intubation of the colon had a prior colonoscopy completed to the cecum (67 percent women, 67 percent men), whereas 50 percent had a follow-up colonoscopy completed to the cecum (56 percent women, 40 percent men). CONCLUSIONS: Women, especially those with a history of abdominal hysterectomy, had a significantly lower cecal intubation rate usually because of an impassable sigmoid colon. Prior inability to complete colonoscopy to the cecum does not necessarily forecast future failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02049733
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reliability of cecal landmarks during colonoscopy (1993)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 7 (1993), S. 33-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Colonoscopy ; Fluoroscopy ; Cecum ; Ileocecal sphincter ; Appendiceal orifice ; Transillumination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Confirming colonoscopic intubation of the cecum can be a laborious, time-consuming, and often frustrating endeavor. Anatomic landmarks may offer visual clues of cecal intubation, but the predictability of this evidence is unclear. The presence of three cecal landmarks, alone and in combination, were evaluated to precisely define their reliability. Between February and October of 1991, 601 of 708 (85%) consecutive colonoscopic examinations were able to be completed to the cecum as confirmed by fluoroscopy. All three cecal landmarks studied were present in 64% (386/601), two cecal landmarks in 32% (189/601), and one cecal landmark in 4% (26/601) of the patients. Therefore, at least two cecal landmarks were identified in 96% (575/601) of the patients. The ileocecal sphincter was identified in 98% (591/601) of patients overall, in 98% (185/189) of patients with 2 cecal landmarks, and in 77% (20/26) of patients with 1 cecal landmark. The appendiceal orifice was seen in 87% (524/601) of patients overall and in 72% (137/189) of patients with 2 cecal landmarks. Transillumination through the abdominal wall was possible in 74% (447/601) of patients overall and in 30% (56/189) of patients with 2 cecal landmarks. In summary, the ileocecal sphincter is the most reliable cecal landmark and is invariably visualized, even when all other landmarks are obscure. While other cecal landmarks, such as the appendiceal orifice and transillumination, are consistently identified, they are most valuable when found in association with the ileocecal sphincter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00591234
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scaled single-zeta basis set for use with a silicon effective potential: Generalized valence bond description of disilane (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 19 (1981), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A compact and efficient scaled single-zeta basis set has been developed for use in conjunction with the coreless Hartree-Fock silicon effective potential. The scale factors were determined by minimizing the electronic energy of the disilane molecule. Based upon a generalized valence bond computation using this basis, we conclude that the classical concept of localized σ bonds is adequate to fully explain the electronic structure of disilane in analogy to the ethane molecule.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560190112
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability and bonding of disilyne and its isomers: A generalized valence bond-effective potential study (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 21 (1982), S. 565-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have employed an effective potential and a single-zeta basis in SCF-MO computations to estimate the relative stability of linear disilyne HSiSiH and five isomeric structures defined in earlier all-electron ab initio SCF-MO computations. The effect of electron correlation has been estimated by generalized valence-bond (GVB) computations for the five valence electron pairs of these structures. All our computations indicate that linear disilyne is the least stable structure and that H2SiSi, the silicon analog of vinylidene carbene, is the most stable structure. In these structures silicon occurs in divalent and tetravalent states. The nature of silicon bonding in these valence states is illustrated by contour diagrams of the GVB orbital pairs.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560210305
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A possible solution to the rotational invariance and silicon parameter problem in the MNDO approximation (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 547-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the original formulation of the MNDO method, the approximation of two-center two-electron integrals over p orbitals is not rotationally invariant, and the coulombtype integrals do not match their one-center counterparts. In recent computer codes the rotational invariance has been restored by dropping the original approximation for two-center exchange integrals over π orbitals, which at the same time disconnected these too from the one-center values. It is shown in this paper that the rotational invariance problem can be overcome in the framework of the original approximation. It is also demonstrated that the mismatch between the one- and two-center two-electron integrals may be the reason for the too short Si-Si bond lengths predicted by MNDO.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560320754
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional morphology of dewlap extension in the lizard Anolis equestris (Iguanidae) (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 206 (1990), S. 245-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The dewlap is an extendible flap of skin ordinarily folded under the throat. Lizards, particularly those in the genus Anolis, extend their dewlaps during interactions with conspecifics, other lizards, and potential predators. Dewlap extension is effected by movements of elements of the hyoid apparatus. This paper describes the anatomy of the hyoid and associated musculature in Anolis equestris, a large arboreal lizard with a prominent dewlap. A mechanism for dewlap extension is proposed based on results of morphological and experimental techniques.Specializations of the hyoid skeleton for dewlap extension include elongated second ceratobranchials and highly movable joints between the ceratohyals and the hypohyals and between the first ceratobranchials and the body of the hyoid. A well developed M. ceratohyoideus extends between the ceratohyals and the first ceratobranchials of the hyoid apparatus. During dewlap extension, the hyoid apparatus acts as a first order lever. Contraction of M. ceratohyoideus pulls the ceratohyals posterorly causing the hypohyals and the body of the hyoid to rotate dorsally around the first ceratobranchial/body joints. This movement results in the second ceratobranchials swinging forward and down, unfolding the dewlap. The relative immobility of the first ceratobranchials provides stability to the hyoid apparatus during dewlap extension. A comparison is made of dewlap extension and other hyoid displays.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052060210
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative cytochemical analysis of large antral follicles in two types of rat polycystic ovaries (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 215 (1986), S. 342-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ovaries from normal mature rats, rats injected with testosterone propionate (TP), and from aged rats were removed, and large antral follicles examined by quantitative cytochemical techniques in order to analyze possible enzymatic defects that relate to follicular steroidogenesis. The ovaries from the TP-injected and the aged rats were polycystic. Lipid deposition was analyzed in frozen sections stained with Sudan black. A microdensitometer was used to measure Δ5-3β -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βOHD) activity and G-6-PD type IH generation in the theca, and in peripheral region, antral region, and corona radiata of large antral follicles. 3βOHD is the enzyme that converts pregnenolone to progesterone. Type IH generation is related to the conversion of androstenedione to estradiol. Lipid droplet deposition was comparable in the three types of follicles. Compared to that in normal preovulatory follicles, 3βOHD activity was similar in identical regions of large antral follicles in TP-injected rats, but less in the theca and peripheral region of the membrana granulosa of the aged rat. G-6-PD type IH generation was less in the peripheral region of large antral follicles of both TP-injected and aged rats than in preovulatory follicles. Type IH generation was also less in the theca of TP-injected rats than in the theca of normal rats. This study provides evidence that in spite of their normal appearance, large antral follicles in polycystic ovaries are not physiologically sound. Furthermore, the enzymatic disturbance appears to be different in different types of polycystic ovaries.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092150403
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute effects of ACTH on dissociated adrenocortical cells: Quantitative changes in mitochondria and lipid dropletsThis work was supported by NIH grants FR 05576 and AM 16833. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 473-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To study the role of certain organelles in steroidogenesis, dissociated rat adrenocortical cells were incubated for two hours with ACTH at a concentration that induces a high level of steroid production. Sections of ACTH treated and untreated cells were photographed in the electron microscope, and morphometric analysis was undertaken to assess possible ACTH-induced changes in total cell volume, volume density and numerical density of lipid droplets and mitochondria.There was no change in total cell volume. Lipid droplet volume density and numerical density decreased. Mitochondrial volume density did not change, but numerical density increased.The decrease in lipid droplet volume density indicates a rapid depletion of cholesterol for steroid production. This depletion is almost entirely due to the disappearance of lipid droplets, rather than to an overall diminution in their size, as shown by the decrease in lipid droplet numerical density. The mitochondrial data suggest that the adrenocortical cell has an adequate mitochondrial apparatus to respond to acute ACTH stimulation with increased steroid output without an increase in mitochondrial volume.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820406
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prenatal development of the grey lethal mouse. I. Teeth and Jaws (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 305-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Osteopetrosis is a disease in which diffuse sclerosis of the entire skeleton results from an imbalance between the processes of bone formation and bone resorption. The grey lethal is the most severely affected of the three mouse mutants which have been described and its osteopetrosis is transmitted as a simple autosomal recessive gene. Affected mice develop a grey coat at 8-10 days of age and die before one month of age.Recently we (Hollinshead and Schneider, 1973) reported that grey lethal mice could be identified at birth because the apex of their lower incisors lies anterior to the molar region in the mandible. In this study we show that it is possible to identify affected fetuses from day 18 of gestation using the same and other histologic criteria in examining their teeth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820305
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