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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 40 (2000), S. 121-134 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Keywords Contamination ; Dereliction ; Desk studies ; Foundation remnants ; Rehabilitation ; Site investigation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Contaminated and possibly hazardous ground represents a problem in all of the industrialized countries of the world. The investigation of a site that is suspected of being contaminated differs somewhat from a routine site investigation. Sampling of soils, groundwater and gas-producing material may be required. Various precautions may be necessary in doing this and operatives may have to wear protective clothing. Four case histories have been chosen to illustrate different aspects of the rehabilitation of abandoned contaminated land, namely, investigation, assessment, ground treatment and redevelopment. The first comes from Leeds in West Yorkshire, England, and outlines how a site investigation was undertaken and the nature of the contamination present, together with a note on the suggested redevelopment. The remaining three case histories are taken from the heavily industrialized district of the Ruhr in Germany, where extensive mining of coal and associated industries were developed from the mid-19th century onwards. The first considers the site of the former Graf Moltke mine near Essen. In this instance, the somewhat novel methods of data assessment and ground treatment are dealt with. The Mont Cenis site at Herne-Sodingen is one of the more notable old mining/industrial sites undergoing redevelopment in the state of North Rhine Westphalia. Hence, the case history concentrates of this aspect of rehabilitation. This involves not only the construction of new and interesting structures but an attempt to reduce energy consumption in an attempt to effect the concept of sustainable development of an urban area. The last example deals with the abandoned site of the Minister Achenbach mine at Lünen, where the ground conditions were further complicated by the presence of old bomb craters that had been filled with a variety of materials. In addition, because of the suspected presence of former foundation structures in the ground an electromagnetic survey was carried out across part of the site, the areas of high conductivity suggesting their presence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Acellular pertussis vaccine ; Whole-cell pertussis vaccine ; DTP vaccine ; Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine ; Combination vaccine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acellular pertussis vaccines provide protection against pertussis with few adverse effects. Differences in the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of available pertussis vaccines may be influenced by the immunisation schedule employed. We assessed responses to an acellular pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus vaccine mixed with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, (PRP-T) given at age 2, 3 and 4 months. Parents kept a symptom diary for 3 days after each immunisation. Antibodies to diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis toxin and filamentous haemagglutinin were measured by enzyme immunoassay at 2 and 5 months. Results were compared with historical controls who received a combination whole-cell pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus/PRP-T vaccine in the same schedule. A total of 262 infants were recruited, of whom 251 were fully evaluated after three doses of vaccine. Systemic and most local reactions were less frequent following the acellular combination. Fever ≥38°C was reported after only 0.6% of doses. Redness or swelling ≥2.5 cm were unusual after the first two doses (2–5%), but rates rose to 13% after the third dose. Antibody responses to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids were lower, while those to pertussis antigens were higher, more uniform and less attenuated by pre-immunisation antibody than in infants who received the whole-cell combination. All infants achieved protective antibody titres of at least 0.1 IU/ml for diphtheria and 0.01 IU/ml for tetanus. Conclusion The acellular combination vaccine was immunogenic for diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis components and was associated with low rates of fever following immunisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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